We identified nearly 180 Black women who earned medical degrees prior to the start of the Second World War and found information regarding their family and social connections, premedical and medical educations, and internship experience or lack thereof for many of these women. Through their collective history, we observed large-scale trends, especially regarding the importance of “separatist” medical education and declining medical school attendance among African American women in the 1910s as medicine became an increasingly exclusionary profession. While our research uncovered trends specific to Black women physicians, the implications of our research can be applied far more widely to other historically marginalized scientific practitioners. This research reminds us of the longstanding and shifting presence of Black women in science and medicine, despite the enduring popular belief that white men represent who participates in science, both historically and today.

我们确定了近 180 名在第二次世界大战开始前获得医学学位的黑人女性，并找到了有关她们的家庭和社会关系、医学预科和医学教育以及其中许多女性的实习经历或缺乏实习经历的信息。通过他们的集体历史，我们观察到了大规模的趋势，特别是关于“分离主义”医学教育的重要性和 1910 年代非裔美国女性医学院入学率下降的趋势，因为医学成为一种越来越具有排他性的职业。虽然我们的研究揭示了黑人女医生特有的趋势，但我们研究的意义可以更广泛地应用于其他历史上被边缘化的科学从业者。这项研究让我们想起了黑人女性在科学和医学领域的长期存在和不断变化的存在，