ABSTRACT

This is a review of the research on the genetic effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic field (EMF), mainly on radiofrequency radiation (RFR) and static and extremely low frequency EMF (ELF-EMF). The majority of the studies are on genotoxicity (e.g., DNA damage, chromatin conformation changes, etc.) and gene expression. Genetic effects of EMF depend on various factors, including field parameters and characteristics (frequency, intensity, wave-shape), cell type, and exposure duration. The types of gene expression affected (e.g., genes involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and stress responses, heat-shock proteins) are consistent with the findings that EMF causes genetic damages. Many studies reported effects in cells and animals after exposure to EMF at intensities similar to those in the public and occupational environments. The mechanisms by which effects are induced by EMF are basically unknown. Involvement of free radicals is a likely possibility. EMF also interacts synergistically with different entities on genetic functions. Interactions, particularly with chemotherapeutic compounds, raise the possibility of using EMF as an adjuvant for cancer treatment to increase the efficacy and decrease side effects of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs. Other data, such as adaptive effects and mitotic spindle aberrations after EMF exposure, further support the notion that EMF causes genetic effects in living organisms.

摘要

这是对非电离电磁场（EMF）遗传效应研究的综述，主要是射频辐射（RFR）和静态和极低频电磁场（ELF-EMF）。大多数研究是关于基因毒性（例如，DNA 损伤、染色质构象变化等）和基因表达。EMF 的遗传效应取决于各种因素，包括场参数和特性（频率、强度、波形）、细胞类型和暴露持续时间。受影响的基因表达类型（例如，参与细胞周期停滞、细胞凋亡和应激反应的基因、热休克蛋白）与 EMF 导致遗传损伤的发现一致。许多研究报告了在暴露于与公共和职业环境中强度相似的 EMF 后对细胞和动物的影响。EMF 引起效应的机制基本上是未知的。自由基的参与很有可能。EMF 还与遗传功能的不同实体协同相互作用。相互作用，特别是与化疗化合物的相互作用，增加了使用 EMF 作为癌症治疗辅助剂的可能性，以提高传统化疗药物的疗效并减少副作用。其他数据，例如 EMF 暴露后的适应性效应和有丝分裂纺锤体畸变，进一步支持 EMF 对生物体造成遗传影响的观点。提高使用 EMF 作为癌症治疗辅助剂的可能性，以提高传统化疗药物的疗效并减少副作用。其他数据，例如 EMF 暴露后的适应性效应和有丝分裂纺锤体畸变，进一步支持 EMF 对生物体造成遗传影响的观点。提高使用 EMF 作为癌症治疗辅助剂的可能性，以提高传统化疗药物的疗效并减少副作用。其他数据，例如 EMF 暴露后的适应性效应和有丝分裂纺锤体畸变，进一步支持 EMF 对生物体造成遗传影响的观点。