ABSTRACT

The effects of three different pest control regimes in three pear orchards (two with integrated pest management regimes and one with an organic farming regime) on communities of arthropods were studied in a two-year experiment. Insects were collected in three stages by beating the lower branches of trees. The number of species and other taxa of natural enemies increased with the reduction in insecticide applications. A total of 2,492 individuals of 145 species and other taxa were found in the samples from the three pear orchards with different pest management practices. The most numerous groups were Araneae, with 44 species, and Coleoptera, with 42 species, followed by Hymenoptera, with 33 taxa, and Heteroptera, with 24 species. Of the total number of taxa, the share of entomophagous arthropods was, on average, 62.6%. The share of predaceous individuals was, on average, 63.7% of the total number of individuals. The number of dominant predaceous species decreased with an increase in the diversity of species and other taxa. A significant relationship was found between the number of C. pyri adults and the Shannon-Wiener index of diversity for the predaceous taxa. It was demonstrated that generalist predators and their diversity have an important influence on the regulation of pear psylla in the vegetative period.

摘要

在为期两年的实验中，研究了三个梨园中三种不同的害虫控制制度（两个采用综合病虫害管理制度，一个采用有机耕作制度）对节肢动物群落的影响。通过敲打树的下部树枝分三个阶段收集昆虫。随着杀虫剂应用的减少，天敌的物种和其他分类群的数量增加。在来自三个不同虫害管理措施的梨园的样本中，共发现 145 个物种和其他类群的 2,492 个个体。数量最多的是蛛形纲，有 44 种，鞘翅目，有 42 种，其次是膜翅目，有 33 个分类群，和异翅目，有 24 种。在分类群总数中，食虫节肢动物的份额平均为 62.6%。捕食个体的比例平均为个体总数的 63.7%。随着物种和其他类群多样性的增加，优势掠食性物种的数量减少。发现数量之间存在显着关系C. pyri成虫和捕食类群的香农-维纳多样性指数。结果表明，全能捕食者及其多样性对梨木虱在营养期的调控具有重要影响。