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Evaluating numerical and free-drift forecasts of sea ice drift during a Southern Ocean research expedition: An operational perspective
Journal of Operational Oceanography ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-08 , DOI: 10.1080/1755876x.2021.1883293
Marc de Vos 1, 2 , Michael Barnes 1 , Louise C. Biddle 3 , Sebastiaan Swart 2, 3 , Carla-Louise Ramjukadh 1 , Marcello Vichi 2
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Antarctic sea ice is prevalently seen as a major player in the climate system, but it is also an important factor in polar maritime safety. Remote sensing and forecasting of Southern Ocean sea ice at time scales suitable for navigation and research planning remain challenging. In this study, numerical sea ice drift forecasts are assessed from the perspective of informing shipping operations. A series of tests is performed to ascertain whether an operational global ocean and sea ice model and a simple free-drift model can provide accurate drift estimates over short lead times. Both approaches are evaluated against ice drift measurements from buoys deployed during two research cruises in the Southern Ocean marginal ice zone during winter and spring. The numerical forecast model was able to forecast sea ice trajectories over 24 h with an average position error of 16.6 km during winter and 9.2 km during spring. The simpler free-drift model, using empirically optimised wind scaling, returned an average position error of 15.9 and 9.3 km during winter and spring respectively. Model skill for both the dynamical and free-drift models is lower in winter than in spring. Free-drift model skill appears linked with sea ice consolidation, which may assist in determining when and where this approach is fit for purpose. Lingering uncertainties regarding the rheological representation of sea ice in the dynamical model and the quality of the wind and ocean forcing remain, potentially affecting model skill over tactical navigation time frames.



中文翻译:

评估南大洋研究考察期间海冰漂移的数值和自由漂移预测:业务视角

摘要

南极海冰普遍被视为气候系统的主要参与者,但它也是极地海上安全的重要因素。在适合导航和研究计划的时间尺度上对南大洋海冰进行遥感和预测仍然具有挑战性。在这项研究中,数值海冰漂移预测从通知航运业务的角度进行评估。进行了一系列测试以确定一个可操作的全球海洋和海冰模型以及一个简单的自由漂移模型是否可以在短时间内提供准确的漂移估计。两种方法都根据冬季和春季在南大洋边缘冰区的两次研究巡航期间部署的浮标的冰漂移测量值进行评估。数值预报模型能够预报 24 小时内的海冰轨迹,冬季平均位置误差为 16.6 公里,春季为 9.2 公里。使用经验优化的风标度的更简单的自由漂移模型在冬季和春季分别返回 15.9 和 9.3 公里的平均位置误差。动力模型和自由漂移模型的模型技能在冬季都低于春季。自由漂流模型技能似乎与海冰固结有关,这可能有助于确定这种方法何时何地适合目的。动力学模型中海冰的流变表征以及风和海洋强迫的质量仍然存在挥之不去的不确定性,这可能会影响模型在战术导航时间范围内的技能。使用经验优化的风标度的更简单的自由漂移模型在冬季和春季分别返回 15.9 和 9.3 公里的平均位置误差。动力模型和自由漂移模型的模型技能在冬季都低于春季。自由漂流模型技能似乎与海冰固结有关,这可能有助于确定这种方法何时何地适合目的。动力学模型中海冰的流变表征以及风和海洋强迫的质量仍然存在挥之不去的不确定性,这可能会影响模型在战术导航时间范围内的技能。使用经验优化的风标度的更简单的自由漂移模型在冬季和春季分别返回 15.9 和 9.3 公里的平均位置误差。动力模型和自由漂移模型的模型技能在冬季都低于春季。自由漂流模型技能似乎与海冰固结有关,这可能有助于确定这种方法何时何地适合目的。动力学模型中海冰的流变表征以及风和海洋强迫的质量仍然存在挥之不去的不确定性,这可能会影响模型在战术导航时间范围内的技能。动力模型和自由漂移模型的模型技能在冬季都低于春季。自由漂流模型技能似乎与海冰固结有关,这可能有助于确定这种方法何时何地适合目的。动力学模型中海冰的流变表征以及风和海洋强迫的质量仍然存在挥之不去的不确定性,这可能会影响模型在战术导航时间范围内的技能。动力模型和自由漂移模型的模型技能在冬季都低于春季。自由漂流模型技能似乎与海冰固结有关,这可能有助于确定这种方法何时何地适合目的。动力学模型中海冰的流变表征以及风和海洋强迫的质量仍然存在挥之不去的不确定性,这可能会影响模型在战术导航时间范围内的技能。

更新日期:2021-02-08
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