Rapid advances in eradicating invasive species from islands are improving conservation outcomes in these biodiversity hotspots. However, recent conservation gains could be reversed not only by future invasions from non‐native species but also by future extinctions of native taxa, both of which may be facilitated by – or exacerbated by interactions among drivers of – global environmental change. We highlight relevant knowledge gaps that must be filled to reduce uncertainty about the ecological effects of future climate change. We use Aotearoa New Zealand as a case study of island ecosystems to demonstrate that in addition to sea‐level rise, most ecologically meaningful impacts of climate change on biodiversity responses are indirect and due to exacerbation of existing threats, including the impact of invasive species as well as the loss and fragmentation of habitat. We identify key topics where progress is needed to future‐proof conservation management for island ecosystems susceptible to the direct and indirect effects of climate change.

中文翻译：

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气候变化的影响加剧了岛屿系统的保护威胁：以新西兰为例

消除岛屿上的入侵物种的迅速进展正在改善这些生物多样性热点地区的保护成果。但是，近期的保护成果不仅可以被未来来自非本地物种的入侵所逆转，而且可以被未来的本地生物分类群的灭绝所逆转，这两种情况都可以通过全球环境变化的驱动力来促进或加剧。我们强调必须填补的相关知识空白，以减少对未来气候变化的生态影响的不确定性。我们以新西兰奥特罗阿岛为例，对岛屿生态系统进行了研究，以证明除了海平面上升之外，气候变化对生物多样性反应的最具有生态学意义的影响是间接的，而且是由于现有威胁的加剧，包括入侵物种的影响以及栖息地的丧失和破碎化。我们确定了在容易受到气候变化直接和间接影响的岛屿生态系统的未来保护管理方面需要取得进展的关键主题。