Does taking a photograph of an item improve or impair memory? The literature is currently mixed, with some studies showing impairments and other studies showing improvements. The current study includes four experiments that tested the hypothesis that photographs may help memory when the test is perceptually driven but may hurt memory when the test is conceptually driven. The perceptually driven test involved identifying a target among visually similar items, and the conceptually driven test involved recognizing a concept that had been previously studied. Contrary to predictions, the results showed impairment both on perceptually driven and conceptually driven tests, which were found both after a short (20 min) and long (48 h) delay between encoding at test.

拍摄物品的照片会改善还是损害记忆力？目前的文献喜忧参半，一些研究显示损伤，其他研究显示改善。当前的研究包括四个实验，这些实验测试了以下假设：当测试是感知驱动时，照片可能有助于记忆，但当测试是概念驱动时可能会损害记忆。感知驱动测试涉及在视觉相似的项目中识别目标，概念驱动测试涉及识别先前研究过的概念。与预测相反，结果显示感知驱动和概念驱动测试均存在损伤，这是在测试编码之间的短（20 分钟）和长（48 小时）延迟后发现的。