Boilover is one of the most destructive tank fire scenarios, occurring in the specific conditions of explosive evaporation of the water sublayer, which causes a sudden rise in flame height accompanied by the splashing of burning fuel. In order to estimate the thermal hazards of the boilover fire, a series of experiments were conducted where the influence of pool diameters, initial fuel layer thickness and fuel types on the boilover characteristics were investigated. The results show that the boilover fire can be divided into four stages including the initial stage, steady stage, boilover stage and decay stage. The boilover onset time which is defined based on the flame enlargement, show a slight downward trend with the pool diameter but increased with the initial fuel layer thickness. The boilover intensity defined based on the mass loss rate increased with the fuel layer thickness but decreased with the pool diameter. Analysis of these phenomena was conducted based on the thermal mechanism of the boilover occurrence. The boilover splash coverage ratio is approximately exponentially distributed with distance. A model for predicting the safe distance based on boilover splash is derived by introducing the boilover intensity and critical thickness at which boilover occurs. The present results provide a guidance for boilover fire prevention during fuel storage and transportation.

沸腾是破坏性最强的罐式火灾之一，发生在水层爆炸性蒸发的特定条件下，这会导致火焰高度突然升高，并伴有燃烧的燃料飞溅。为了估算沸腾火的热危害，进行了一系列实验，研究了池直径，初始燃料层厚度和燃料类型对沸腾特性的影响。结果表明，沸腾火可分为初始阶段，稳定阶段，沸腾阶段和衰减阶段四个阶段。根据火焰扩大确定的沸腾开始时间随池直径的增加而略有下降，但随初始燃料层厚度的增加而增加。基于质量损失率定义的沸腾强度随燃料层厚度的增加而增加，随池直径的增加而减小。对这些现象的分析是基于沸腾发生的热机理进行的。沸腾飞溅的覆盖率大约与距离成指数分布。通过介绍沸腾发生时的沸腾强度和临界厚度，得出基于沸腾飞溅的安全距离预测模型。本研究结果为燃料储存和运输过程中的沸腾防火提供了指导。沸腾飞溅的覆盖率大约与距离成指数分布。通过介绍沸腾发生时的沸腾强度和临界厚度，得出基于沸腾飞溅的安全距离预测模型。本研究结果为燃料储存和运输过程中的沸腾防火提供了指导。沸腾飞溅的覆盖率大约与距离成指数分布。通过引入沸腾发生时的沸腾强度和临界厚度，得出基于沸腾飞溅的安全距离预测模型。本研究结果为燃料储存和运输过程中的沸腾防火提供了指导。