In this growing era, a massive amount of digital electronic health records (EHRs) are transferred through the open network. EHRs are at risk of a myriad of security threats, to overcome such threats, encryption is a reliable technique to secure data. This paper addresses an encryption algorithm based on integer wavelet transform (IWT) blended with deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) and chaos to secure the digital medical images. The proposed work comprises of two phases, i.e. a two-stage shuffling phase and diffusion phase. The first stage of shuffling starts with initial block confusion followed by row and column shuffling of pixels as the second stage. The pixels of the shuffled image are circularly shifted bitwise at the first stage of diffusion to enhance the security of the system against differential attack. The second stage of diffusion operation is based on DNA coding and DNA XOR operations. The experimental analyses have been carried out with 100 DICOM test images of 16-bit depth to evaluate the strength of the algorithm against statistical and differential attacks. By the results, the maximum entropy has been obtained an average of 15.79, NPCR of 99.99, UACI of 33.31, and larger keyspace of 10¹⁴⁰, which infer that our technique overwhelms various other state-of-the-art techniques.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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一种使用混合DNA计算和变换域混沌的高效医学图像加密

在这个不断发展的时代，大量的数字电子健康记录（EHR）通过开放网络传输。EHR 面临着无数安全威胁的风险，为了克服这些威胁，加密是一种可靠的数据保护技术。本文提出了一种基于整数小波变换 (IWT) 与脱氧核糖核酸 (DNA) 和混沌混合的加密算法，以保护数字医学图像。所提出的工作包括两个阶段，即两阶段改组阶段和扩散阶段。混洗的第一阶段从初始块混淆开始，然后是像素的行和列混洗作为第二阶段。混洗图像的像素在扩散的第一阶段按位循环移位，以增强系统对抗差分攻击的安全性。扩散操作的第二阶段基于 DNA 编码和 DNA XOR 操作。对 100 张 16 位深度的 DICOM 测试图像进​​行了实验分析，以评估算法对抗统计和差分攻击的强度。由结果可知，最大熵平均为 15.79，NPCR 为 99.99，UACI 为 33.31，更大的 keyspace 为 10¹⁴⁰，这推断我们的技术压倒了各种其他最先进的技术。

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