Abstract

Australia has one of the largest multicultural populations in the world, with cultural and linguistic diversity (CALD) a defining feature. CALD populations have unique identities and experiences of mental health and suicide, with multicultural differences, trauma and experiences of discrimination and stigma pertinent to effective suicide prevention approaches. Very little is known however about suicide and suicidality among this population in Australia. This systematic review explored literature on suicidality and suicide prevention in CALD communities as a means of informing suicide prevention research, policy and practice in the Australian context. Five electronic databases (Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Emcare, and CINAHL) were searched. Studies were included if they examined factors associated with suicidality or described suicide prevention initiatives in CALD populations, and were conducted in OECD countries. Study quality was assessed using the CASP qualitative checklist for qualitative studies and the Quality Assessment Tool for quantitative studies. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes in the included studies. Eighteen studies met the criteria for inclusion, including ten qualitative and eight quantitative studies. No Australian studies were identified. Key themes included acculturation difficulties, stigma, the influence of social networks and family, heterogeneity of CALD populations, and suggested prevention strategies. The review found no Australian studies looking at suicidality or suicide prevention in CALD communities. It highlights the need for a greater focus across policy, research and evaluation on suicide prevention in Australian CALD communities.

摘要

澳大利亚是世界上最大的多元文化人口之一，其文化和语言多样性（CALD）是其主要特征。CALD人群具有独特的心理健康和自杀身份和经历，多元文化差异，创伤以及与有效自杀预防方法相关的歧视和污名化经历。然而，在澳大利亚的这个人群中，关于自杀和自杀的信息鲜为人知。这项系统的综述探讨了CALD社区关于自杀和自杀预防的文献，以此作为在澳大利亚范围内宣传自杀预防研究，政策和实践的一种手段。搜索了五个电子数据库（Medline，PsycINFO，Embase，Emcare和CINAHL）。如果他们检查了与自杀有关的因素或描述了CALD人群的自杀预防措施，则这些研究都包括在内，并且是在经合组织国家进行的。研究质量通过用于定性研究的CASP定性清单和用于定量研究的质量评估工具进行评估。主题分析用于确定纳入研究的关键主题。十八项研究符合纳入标准，包括十项定性研究和八项定量研究。未确定澳大利亚研究。主要主题包括适应困难，污名化，社交网络和家庭的影响，CALD人群的异质性以及建议的预防策略。该评论未发现澳大利亚有关于CALD社区自杀或自杀预防的研究。