ABSTRACT While retrieval practice has been studied for over a century, it has gained a significant body of research within the past fifteen years in cognitive psychology and the learning sciences. However, there is little discussion in its study and application within topics of adult learning. In this article, we examine the historical and philosophical foundations of self-directed learning and retrieval practice and advocate for functional contextualism as a philosophy of science for self-directed learning research. Functional contextualism provides a synthesis between the norms of humanism and the scientific focus of cognitivism. Particularly, we look at retrieval practice as a potential area of research within self-directed learning, viewing it as an ‘act-in-context’. We hope this article reinvigorates research into self-directed learning, particularly the investigation of empirically-based self-guided learning strategies, the facilitation of metacognition for self-directed adult learners, and the adoption of a functional contextual approach to self-directed learning and other adult learning topics.

中文翻译：

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自主学习与检索实践：通过功能情境主义搭建桥梁

摘要 虽然检索实践已经被研究了一个多世纪，但在过去的 15 年里，它在认知心理学和学习科学领域获得了大量的研究成果。然而，在成人学习主题中对其研究和应用的讨论很少。在本文中，我们研究了自主学习和检索实践的历史和哲学基础，并提倡将功能情境主义作为自主学习研究的科学哲学。功能语境主义提供了人文主义规范与认知主义科学焦点之间的综合。特别是，我们将检索实践视为自主学习中的一个潜在研究领域，将其视为“情境中的行为”。我们希望这篇文章重振对自主学习的研究，