This study analyzed the theories, norms, and practice of simple evidence (pembuktian sederhana) which have become the requirements for bankruptcy petition applications. The evidence applied in the procedure law of the bankruptcy petition and the Suspension of Debt Repayment Obligation or PKPU was simple evidence. The existence of the simple evidence requirement actually caused the bankruptcy petition to have a complication and legal uncertainty. Therefore, the norm of simple evidence needs to be reconstructed. The aspects that have fulfilled simple evidence in the bankruptcy petition or PKPU application included two (2) bankruptcy requirements, namely, unpaid debt that has matured and is collectible and the presence of at least two creditors. The research results found that the Bankruptcy Law determined that simple evidence in bankruptcy was necessary. However, the Bankruptcy Law did not definitively set the limits referred to as simple evidence, which resulted in norm obscurity. In practice, the judges had rejected bankruptcy petitions with unimportant considerations in evidence. In addition, disparities took place in bankruptcy decisions in applying simple evidence because there were complicated cases regarding the conditions for bankruptcy petitions. The court, on the other hand, considered and decided that the cases were not simple. Conversely, there were also simple cases that were adjudicated by the court to be not simple, thus, their bankruptcy petitions were overruled

中文翻译：

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解构破产申请中的简单证据以获得法律确定性

本研究分析了已成为破产申请申请条件的简单证据（pembuktian sederhana）的理论、规范和实践。破产申请和中止债务清偿义务或PKPU程序法适用的证据是简单证据。简单证据要求的存在，实际上使破产申请具有复杂性和法律不确定性。因此，需要重构简单证据的范数。在破产申请或PKPU申请中满足简单证据的方面包括两（2）个破产要求，即已到期且可收回的未偿债务以及至少有两个债权人的存在。研究结果发现，《破产法》确定了破产中的简单证据是必要的。然而，破产法并没有明确设定被称为简单证据的限制，这导致了规范的模糊性。在实践中，法官以不重要的证据为由驳回了破产申请。此外，由于破产申请条件复杂，破产决定在适用简单证据方面也存在差异。另一方面，法院考虑并裁定案件并不简单。反之，也有一些简单的案件被法院裁定为不简单，因此其破产申请被驳回 这导致了规范的模糊。在实践中，法官以不重要的证据为由驳回了破产申请。此外，由于破产申请条件复杂，破产决定在适用简单证据方面也存在差异。另一方面，法院考虑并裁定案件并不简单。反之，也有一些简单的案件被法院判定为不简单，因此其破产申请被驳回 这导致了规范的模糊。在实践中，法官以不重要的证据为由驳回了破产申请。此外，由于破产申请条件复杂，破产决定在适用简单证据方面也存在差异。另一方面，法院考虑并裁定案件并不简单。反之，也有一些简单的案件被法院判定为不简单，因此其破产申请被驳回 另一方面，考虑并决定案件并不简单。反之，也有一些简单的案件被法院判定为不简单，因此其破产申请被驳回 另一方面，考虑并决定案件并不简单。反之，也有一些简单的案件被法院判定为不简单，因此其破产申请被驳回