The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963 outlined the rights of a state to exercise its obligation to protect the interests of its nationals abroad. The protection given by states to their nationals is commonly referred to as consular assistance. The main objective of consular assistance is to help nationals facing difficulties abroad. In the event of an arrest, the aim of the provision of consular assistance is to protect the inalienable rights of a foreign detainee. The inalienable rights inherent to all detainees are the right retain counsel, and to receive due process of law. Although the 1963 Convention on Consular Relations is the codification of International customary law with regard to states' practises in protecting their nationals, the practises may vary from one state to another. This paper analyses the policy and practises adopted by a state to protect its nationals detained abroad and suggests effective policies to provide consular assistance based on the reviewed state practises and policies.

中文翻译：

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为被外国政府拘留的国民提供领事援助：各国的政策和做法

1963 年《维也纳领事关系公约》概述了国家行使义务保护其海外国民利益的权利。国家对其国民提供的保护通常被称为领事协助。领事协助的主要目的是帮助在国外遇到困难的国民。在被捕的情况下，提供领事协助的目的是保护外国被拘留者不可剥夺的权利。所有被拘留者固有的不可剥夺的权利是聘请律师和接受正当法律程序的权利。尽管 1963 年的《领事关系公约》是关于各国保护其国民的做法的国际习惯法的编纂，但这些做法可能因国家而异。