Nitrite/nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) processes have been proven effective for nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater. However, the demonstration using real wastewater has not been achieved yet. To this end, this study investigated the versatile applications of n-DAMO process in real wastewater treatment for the first time. Two methane-based membrane biofilm reactors (MBfRs) were employed to combine anammox and n-DAMO microorganisms, targeting nitrogen removal in mainstream (i.e., domestic sewage) and sidestream (i.e., anaerobic digestion liquor), respectively. Considering various technologies in sewage treatment, three different technical routes, including nitritation + methane-based MBfR, partial nitritation + methane-based MBfR and partial nitritation + anammox + methane-based MBfR, were investigated comprehensively, all producing effluent quality with total nitrogen (TN) at 5 mg N/L or less. Regarding the sidestream treatment, the methane-based MBfR also removed up to 96% TN from the partially nitrified anaerobic digestion liquor at a practically useful rate of 0.5 kg N/m³/d. Microbial communities revealed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing indicated the dominance of n-DAMO archaea in both reactors, along with the existence of anammox bacteria and n-DAMO bacteria. As the first demonstration of n-DAMO process in real wastewater, this study comprehensively confirmed the applicability of using methane as carbon source to remove nitrogen from both mainstream and sidestream wastewater, supporting their adoption by industries in practice.

业已证明，依赖亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐的厌氧甲烷氧化（n-DAMO）工艺可有效去除合成废水中的氮。但是，尚未完成使用实际废水的示范。为此，本研究首次研究了n-DAMO工艺在实际废水处理中的广泛应用。使用两个基于甲烷的膜生物膜反应器（MBfRs）组合厌氧氨氧化菌和n-DAMO微生物，分别针对主流（即生活污水）和侧流（即厌氧消化液）中的氮去除。考虑到污水处理的各种技术，综合研究了硝化+甲烷基MBfR，部分硝化+甲烷基MBfR和部分硝化+厌氧氨氧化+甲烷基MBfR三种不同的技术路线，全部产生的废水质量，总氮（TN）小于或等于5 mg N / L。关于侧流处理，基于甲烷的MBfR还以0.5 kg N / m的实际有用率从部分硝化的厌氧消化液中去除了高达96％的总氮。³ /天 通过16S rRNA基因扩增子测序揭示的微生物群落表明，两个反应器中n-DAMO古细菌占主导地位，同时还存在厌氧氨氧化细菌和n-DAMO细菌。作为真实废水中n-DAMO工艺的第一个演示，这项研究全面证实了使用甲烷作为碳源从主流废水和侧流废水中去除氮的适用性，从而支持它们在实践中的应用。