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The Double Logic of Internal Purges: New Evidence from Francoist Spain
Nationalism and Ethnic Politics Pub Date : 2020-07-02 , DOI: 10.1080/13537113.2020.1795451
Laia Balcells 1 , Francisco Villamil 2
Affiliation  

Abstract States often engage in internal purges to eliminate political dissidents within their own ranks. However, partly because of the absence of reliable data, we know little about the logic and dynamics of these purges, particularly of lower-rank members of the state. Why do state authorities persecute these individuals when they do not entail a clear threat to the regime? We focus on the purges of public-school teachers during the early years of Francisco Franco’s regime in Spain. Using detailed historical sources, we explore whether teachers were more likely to be purged following the two main cleavages in 1930s Spain: the left-right divide and the center-periphery (i.e., nationalist) cleavage. Our results suggest that while the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) was still unfolding Francoist authorities targeted mainly teachers from leftist localities, thus focusing on potential security threats behind the frontlines. After winning the war, Francoists started to target more intensively teachers from national minority groups in order to promote nation-building policies leading to their assimilation. Our findings highlight the double logic of purging as both a preemptive measure against internal threats and as a nation-building tool.

中文翻译:

内部清洗的双重逻辑:来自西班牙佛朗哥的新证据

摘要 国家经常进行内部清洗,以清除其内部的政治异见人士。然而,部分由于缺乏可靠数据,我们对这些清洗的逻辑和动态知之甚少,尤其是对国家低级别成员的清洗。当这些人对政权没有明显的威胁时,为什么国家当局要迫害他们?我们关注的是弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥在西班牙执政初期对公立学校教师的清洗。使用详细的历史资料,我们探讨了在 1930 年代西班牙的两个主要分裂之后,教师是否更有可能被清除:左右分裂和中心边缘(即民族主义)分裂。我们的研究结果表明,虽然西班牙内战(1936-1939)仍在展开,但佛朗哥当局主要针对左翼地区的教师,因此关注前线背后的潜在安全威胁。赢得战争后,佛朗哥主义者开始更集中地针对少数民族教师,以促进导致他们同化的国家建设政策。我们的研究结果强调了清除既是针对内部威胁的先发制人措施又是国家建设工具的双重逻辑。
更新日期:2020-07-02
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