ABSTRACT Machine-cut nail manufacture was introduced into Birmingham in 1811. By the 1860s, the cut-nail trade was not only one of the most important Birmingham metal trades but also one of the most technologically-advanced, and yet it has been largely ignored by historians. British marketing history has been similarly ill-served. By examining the extent to which Birmingham’s cut-nail manufacturers invested in product promotion, their motives for doing so, and the methods and media they used, this article aims to go some way towards restoring a historiographical balance. Using a range of printed primary sources, it reveals that, while most cut-nail manufacturers maintained a conservative approach to marketing – content simply to announce their presence in the market – a few enlightened businesses adopted a more persuasive style: one that reflected noticeable changes in marketing techniques that occurred in the second half of the nineteenth century.

中文翻译：

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宣示还是劝说？促进伯明翰剪指甲贸易，1827-95

摘要 1811 年，机切钉制造被引入伯明翰。到 1860 年代，切钉贸易不仅是伯明翰最重要的金属贸易之一，也是技术最先进的贸易之一，但在很大程度上却被忽视了由历史学家。英国的营销历史也同样没有得到很好的服务。通过研究伯明翰的剪指甲制造商在产品推广上的投资程度、他们这样做的动机以及他们使用的方法和媒体，本文旨在在某种程度上恢复历史平衡。使用一系列印刷的主要来源，它表明，虽然大多数剪指甲制造商保持保守的营销方式——内容只是宣布他们在市场上的存在——但一些开明的企业采用了更有说服力的风格：