ABSTRACT This article investigates how Ahmet Midhat Efendi’s Esrar-ı Cinayat, the first detective novel in Turkish literature, represents and actively participates in Abdulhamid II’s disciplining of Ottoman bureaucracy. The article explores how in Midhat’s novel—set strategically at a time before the Hamidian legal reforms to underline their importance—law-defying elites are brought to justice with the help of the newspaper, which exposes their secrets to the public gaze, and the effective use of strategies such as cross-dressing and textual forgery. Through Judith Butler’s writing on parodic repetition, the article then closely analyzes the destabilizing textual effects of these simulative performances. It argues that the acts of simulation suspend the disciplinary regime and undermine the gaze of surveillance by inscribing the epistemic depth-structures necessary for their operation on surface. The article thus responds to the existent criticism that tends to interpret the politics of Midhat’s fiction exclusively through the author’s open support of the Hamidian regime.

中文翻译：

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土耳其文学中第一部侦探小说 Ahmet Midhat Efendi 的《Esrar-ı Cinayat》中的纪律监视和模拟

摘要 本文探讨了土耳其文学中第一部侦探小说 Ahmet Midhat Efendi 的 Esrar-ı Cinayat 如何代表并积极参与阿卜杜勒哈米德二世对奥斯曼官僚机构的纪律处分。这篇文章探讨了 Midhat 的小说是如何在哈米迪亚法律改革之前战略性地设定以强调其重要性的小说中如何在报纸的帮助下将违抗法律的精英绳之以法，报纸将他们的秘密暴露在公众的视线中，以及有效的使用变装和文本伪造等策略。通过朱迪思·巴特勒 (Judith Butler) 关于模仿重复的著作，文章随后仔细分析了这些模拟表演的不稳定文本效果。它认为，模拟行为中止了纪律制度，并通过刻录其在表面上运作所必需的认知深度结构来破坏监视的凝视。因此，这篇文章回应了现有的批评，这些批评倾向于完全通过作者公开支持哈米迪亚政权来解释米德哈特小说的政治。