THE EMERGENCE of churchyards is one of the most significant transformations of the landscape during the conversion to Christianity. This article examines changes in burial and commemorative practices during the 11th century, based on early Christian grave monuments. These are the first examples of churchyard memorials in central Sweden, yet at the same time they also form an integral part of the late Viking-Age runestone tradition. This article presents an analysis of their temporal, regional and contextual backgrounds, tracing developments in the early ecclesiastical landscape. It is concluded that different regional designs of rune-carved funerary monuments are related to substantial differences in the Christianisation process, reflecting variation in early ecclesiastical organisation and providing insight into how the conversion process was related to social and political structures.

中文翻译：

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11 世纪瑞典的早期基督教坟墓纪念碑和教会发展

教堂墓地的出现是皈依基督教期间最重要的景观转变之一。本文以早期基督教墓碑为基础，探讨了 11 世纪埋葬和纪念实践的变化。这些是瑞典中部墓地纪念碑的第一个例子，但同时它们也是维京时代晚期符文石传统不可或缺的一部分。本文分析了他们的时间、区域和背景背景，追溯了早期教会景观的发展。得出的结论是，不同地区的符文墓葬设计与基督教化进程的实质性差异有关，