THE EMERGENCE OF FORMAL CEMETERIES is one of the most significant transformations in the landscapes of 1st millennium ad Scotland. In eastern and northern Scotland, in the lands of the Picts, square and circular burial monuments were constructed to commemorate a small proportion of the population — perhaps a newly emerging elite in the post-Roman centuries. This paper presents the results of a project that has consolidated and reviewed the evidence for monumental cemeteries of the northern Picts from Aberdeenshire to Inverness-shire, transcribing the aerial evidence of many sites for the first time. In addition, the landscape location of the cemeteries is assessed, along with their relation to Pictish symbol stones, fortified sites and settlement landscapes of the 1st millennium ad. Two particular elements of the burial architecture of northern Pictland are highlighted — barrow enlargement, and the linking of barrows through the sharing of barrow/cairn ditches. Both of these practices are suggested here to be implicated in the creation of genealogies of the living and the dead during an important transitional period in northern Europe when hereditary aristocracies became more prominent.

中文翻译：

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皮克特兰北部的纪念墓地

正式墓地的出现是苏格兰第一千年景观中最重要的转变之一。在苏格兰东部和北部的皮克特人的土地上，人们建造了方形和圆形的墓葬纪念碑，以纪念一小部分人口——也许是后罗马世纪新兴的精英。本文介绍了一个项目的结果，该项目整合和审查了从阿伯丁郡到因弗内斯郡北部皮克特人的巨大墓地的证据，首次转录了许多地点的航空证据。此外，还评估了墓地的景观位置，以及它们与公元 1 世纪的皮克特标志石、防御工事和定居景观的关系。突出了皮克特兰北部墓葬建筑的两个特定元素 - 手推车扩大，以及通过共享手推车/凯恩沟将手推车连接起来。在此，这两种做法都被认为与北欧重要的过渡时期世袭贵族制变得更加突出时生者和死者家谱的创建有关。