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Productive Desires: Materialist Psychoanalysis and the Hollywood Dream Factory in Nathanael West’s The Day of the Locust
Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory Pub Date : 2018-10-02 , DOI: 10.1080/10436928.2018.1522207
Todd Hoffman

Recent revelations of sexual abuse in Hollywood have brought attention to the way in which sexual exploitation has been materially embedded as an instrumental function in the production of movies and, by extension, American culture. While feminism has amply focused on the representation of women as contributing to their socialization as objects of male desire, the #MeToo and Time’s Up movements have illuminated the way in which representation is a second-order form of patriarchal control. Rape, sexual assault, or harassment and threats to income, reputation or job security are woven into the fabric of movie production itself. That is, sexual exploitation is de facto part of the industrial process of movie making at various levels and stages of production, not to mention the work place more generally. Consequently, rethinking sexual exploitation at the primary level of material production rather than at the secondary level of representational dissemination might explain why strides were made in the social display and even ideological empowerment of women or other sexual minorities even as figures like Harvey Weinstein still operated with impunity. Nathanael West’s novel The Day of the Locust provides a critical reappraisal of Hollywood exploitation by elucidating the process of the material production of exploited subjects.West does not confine himself exclusively to sexual exploitation; instead, he demonstrates amore primordial process of which sexual exploitation is one variety. His novel sheds light on what one might call an ontology of exploitation through a specifically productive process of subject formation. But thinking of West in this way goes against the grain: Critics tend to readWest’s understanding of the so-called dream factory of Hollywood as paradigmatic of the culture industry, devising formulaic wishes in the guise of its movies with the effect of colonizing subjects into mindless consumers of prefabricated fantasy. The mass production and endless reproducibility of wish fulfillment generates mass conformity and thereby guarantees its own value (and profitability) as fantasy. Such manufactured desires are never fulfilled, only frustrated. Moreover, critics have read the apocalyptic ending of the novel as resignation, despair in the mode of satire, and therefore another instance of modernist pessimism. But what critics

中文翻译:

生产欲:物质主义精神分析和纳塔奈尔·韦斯特《蝗虫日》中的好莱坞梦工厂

好莱坞最近发生的性虐待事件已引起人们的关注,即性剥削在电影制作以及进而在美国文化中作为工具发挥了重要作用。女权主义已将注意力集中在代表妇女作为男性欲望对象的社会化贡献上,而#MeToo和Time's Up运动则阐明了代表制是父权制控制的第二种形式。强奸,性攻击或骚扰以及对收入,声誉或工作安全的威胁都融入了电影制作本身。就是说,性剥削实际上是电影制作各个生产阶段和阶段的工业过程的一部分,更不用说更普遍的工作场所了。所以,在物质生产的主要层面而不是在代表性传播的次要层面上重新考虑性剥削也许可以解释为什么在社会展示乃至对妇女或其他性少数群体的意识形态赋权方面取得了长足进步,尽管像哈维·温斯坦这样的人物仍然逍遥法外。纳塔奈尔·韦斯特(Nathanael West)的小说《蝗虫日》(The Day of the Locust)通过阐明被剥削对象的物质生产过程,对好莱坞的剥削进行了批判性的重新评估。相反,他证明了性剥削是一种变种的原始过程。他的小说揭示了通过特定的生产主体形成过程可以将所谓的剥削本体称为什么。但是,以这种方式来思考西方却与事实背道而驰:批评家倾向于将西方对所谓的好莱坞梦工厂的理解理解为文化产业的典范,以电影为幌子来表达公式化的愿望,从而将主体殖民化为盲目预制幻想的消费者。愿望实现的大量生产和无休止的可再现性产生了大规模整合,从而保证了自己作为幻想的价值(和获利能力)。这种制造出来的欲望永远不会实现,只会沮丧。此外,评论家们将小说的世界末日读作是辞职,以讽刺的方式感到绝望,因此又是现代主义悲观主义的另一例证。但是批评家 批评者倾向于将韦斯特对所谓的好莱坞梦工厂的理解理解为文化产业的典范,以电影为幌子来制定公式化的愿望,从而将主题殖民化为盲目的虚构消费者。愿望实现的大量生产和无休止的可再现性产生了大规模整合,从而保证了自己作为幻想的价值(和获利能力)。这种制造出来的欲望永远不会实现,只会沮丧。而且,评论家们将小说的世界末日读作是辞职,以讽刺的方式感到绝望,因此又是现代主义悲观主义的另一实例。但是批评家 批评者倾向于将韦斯特对所谓的好莱坞梦工厂的理解理解为文化产业的典范,以电影为幌子制定公式化的愿望,从而使主题殖民化为盲目的虚构消费者。愿望实现的大量生产和无休止的可再现性产生了大规模整合,从而保证了自己作为幻想的价值(和获利能力)。这种制造出来的欲望永远不会实现,只会沮丧。而且,评论家们将小说的世界末日读作是辞职,以讽刺的方式感到绝望,因此又是现代主义悲观主义的另一实例。但是批评家 愿望实现的大量生产和无休止的可再现性产生了大规模整合,从而保证了自己作为幻想的价值(和获利能力)。这种制造出来的愿望永远不会实现,只会沮丧。而且,评论家们将小说的世界末日读作是辞职,以讽刺的方式感到绝望,因此又是现代主义悲观主义的另一实例。但是批评家 愿望实现的大量生产和无休止的可再现性产生了大规模整合,从而保证了自己作为幻想的价值(和获利能力)。这种制造出来的欲望永远不会实现,只会沮丧。而且,评论家们将小说的世界末日读作是辞职,以讽刺的方式感到绝望,因此又是现代主义悲观主义的另一实例。但是批评家
更新日期:2018-10-02
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