This paper explores the scope of activities children may engage in for a defendant to be convicted for using them to participate in hostilities under the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). It analyses the relevant international law provisions and the ICC’s decisions in the Lubanga matter. It finds that a broad scope of activities more effectively assists the protection of children from use in hostilities. It also identifies inconsistencies in the relevant international law provisions and proposes a number of factors future ICC Chambers can use to consistently characterise activities in future prosecutions.

中文翻译：

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《罗马规约》何时规定儿童“积极参加敌对行动”？保护儿童免于卢班加战争后的敌对行动

本文探讨了儿童可能会从事的活动范围，这些活动可能导致儿童因根据国际刑事法院规约（ICC）参与敌对行动而被定罪。它分析了有关国际法的规定以及国际商会在卢班加问题上的决定。它发现，广泛的活动范围可以更有效地帮助保护儿童免于在敌对行动中使用。它还确定了相关国际法规定中的不一致之处，并提出了未来国际刑事法院分庭可以用来在未来起诉中一贯地界定活动特征的多种因素。