Gender-based crimes occur to this day in armed conflicts across the globe. Forced marriages were rife in Sierra Leone, Cambodia, and Uganda, and a debate has emerged as to how they should be categorised in international criminal law (ICL). The main question this paper examines is: should forced marriages be categorised as ‘sexual slavery’ or ‘other inhumane acts’ in ICL? The principle of nullum crimen sine lege (the NCSL principle), is used as a tool by which judgments from international criminal tribunals and the ICC can be objectively assessed. Judges have generally held that it is more appropriate, in line with the NCSL principle, to categorise forced marriages as ‘other inhumane acts’. However, the paper finds that they are relying on authorities which are competent in an international human rights law (IHRL) context, but are not directly transferrable to ICL. The paper illuminates the broader debate between certainty and development in ICL and demonstrates how the tribunals and the ICC have attempted to strike a balance in cases involving forced marriages. It seeks to provide a solution which ensures that perpetrators of forced marriages in armed conflict are convicted and justice is served and respects both certainty and IHRL.

中文翻译：

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在国际刑法中，应将强迫婚姻归为“性奴役”或“其他不人道行为”吗？

直到今天，基于性别的犯罪仍在全球范围内的武装冲突中发生。在塞拉利昂，柬埔寨和乌干达，强迫婚姻盛行，关于如何将其归类为国际刑法（ICL）的争论已经出现。本文研究的主要问题是：在ICL中，强迫婚姻应归为“性奴役”还是“其他非人道”？无罪犯罪正当性原则（NCSL原则）被用作一种工具，可以客观地评估国际刑事法庭和国际刑事法院的判决。法官们普遍认为，根据NCSL原则，将强迫婚姻归类为“其他不人道行为”更为合适。但是，该论文发现，他们依靠的是在国际人权法（IHRL）背景下有能力的主管部门，但不能直接转让给ICL。本文阐明了ICL在确定性与发展之间的广泛辩论，并说明了法庭和ICC如何在涉及强迫婚姻的案件中寻求平衡。它力求提供一种解决方案，以确保对武装冲突中强迫婚姻的肇事者定罪并伸张正义，并尊重确定性和国际人权法。