This study aims to introduce the psychological expertise required for advising in language learning (ALL) both in theoretical and practical aspects, focusing on two psychological factors that could frequently cause problems in language learning (i.e., trait anxiety and perfectionism). The first section explains theoretical aspects and, based on its explanations and the results of case studies on Japanese EFL learners, the second section suggests practical skills to deal with the problems caused by those two factors. Although previous language learning studies have focused mainly on state anxiety, the theoretical aspect emphasizes the importance of trait anxiety in ALL, and three kinds of actual skills are suggested: (1) setting a clear framework, (2) applying beneficial aspects of trait anxiety, and (3) viewing trait anxiety objectively. As for perfectionism, the theoretical explanation identifies areas some ALL advisors might easily misunderstand, and two kinds of practical skills are introduced: (1) balancing positive and negative perfectionism and (2) applying the principles of cognitive behavior therapy. Lastly, but most importantly, since advisors are not necessarily trained psychological counselors, they have to be careful about how they use psychological expertise. To avoid erroneous decisions, it is important to maintain client-consultant relationships with veteran ALL advisors or certified psychological counselors.

中文翻译：

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咨询语言学习所需的心理专业知识：日本EFL学习者的特质焦虑和完美主义的理论和实践技能

这项研究旨在从理论和实践两方面介绍在语言学习（ALL）方面提供建议所需的心理专业知识，重点研究可能经常引起语言学习问题（即特质焦虑和完美主义）的两个心理因素。第一部分解释理论方面，并基于其解释和对日本EFL学习者的案例研究结果，第二部分提出解决这两个因素引起的问题的实用技巧。尽管先前的语言学习研究主要集中于状态焦虑，但理论方面强调了特质焦虑在ALL中的重要性，并提出了三种实际技能：（1）设定清晰的框架，（2）应用特质焦虑的有益方面，以及（3）客观地观察特质焦虑。关于完美主义，理论解释指出了所有顾问可能容易误解的领域，并介绍了两种实践技能：（1）平衡正负完美主义和（2）应用认知行为疗法的原理。最后，但最重要的是，由于顾问不一定是经过培训的心理咨询师，因此他们在使用心理专业知识时必须谨慎。为避免做出错误的决定，与经验丰富的ALL顾问或经认证的心理咨询师保持客户咨询关系非常重要。（1）平衡正面和负面完美主义，以及（2）应用认知行为疗法的原理。最后，但最重要的是，由于顾问不一定是经过培训的心理咨询师，因此他们在使用心理专业知识时必须谨慎。为避免做出错误的决定，与经验丰富的ALL顾问或经认证的心理咨询师保持客户咨询关系非常重要。（1）平衡正面和负面完美主义，以及（2）应用认知行为疗法的原理。最后，但最重要的是，由于顾问不一定是经过培训的心理咨询师，因此他们在使用心理专业知识时必须谨慎。为避免做出错误的决定，与经验丰富的ALL顾问或经认证的心理咨询师保持客户咨询关系非常重要。