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Does Financial Inclusiveness Matter for the Formal Financial Inflows? Evidence from Pakistan
Quantitative Finance and Economics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.3934/qfe.2020002
Mariam Naz , , Syed Faizan Iftikhar , Ambreen Fatima

The remittance inflows are the major source of financial transfers received by households to maintain their livelihood. However, the formal inflows can play an immense role in improving the indigenous economy by affecting household welfare, these flows further strengthen the economy at micro and macro levels. Previously, various studies found a determinant relationship between supply-side factors and financial inclusion. Whereas, this paper emphasizes a sweltering issue of formal financial inflows in Pakistan especially focusing on the demand side factors on the household level. The analysis uses Heckman Selection Technique to assess the demand for formal financial inclusion which can only be realized for the households receiving remittances, where the determinants for both depend upon the distinctive demographic, individuals and household characteristics. The study appraises household survey data from the Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) for the period 2013–2014. The results demonstrate the strong effects of households’ demand-side factors on financial inclusion. The demographic features such as education and the highest earner’s age are found to have a positive and significant impact on financial inclusion. Whereas, the household characteristics such as household living conditions, asset accumulation, household savings, and borrowings also strongly affect the formal financial inclusive decision. It is therefore suggested to employ a comprehensive policy regarding the enhancement of households’ awareness by the spread of formal and financial literacy.

中文翻译:

财务包容性对正式的财务流入有影响吗?来自巴基斯坦的证据

汇款流入是家庭维持生计的主要资金来源。但是,正式的资金流入可以通过影响家庭福利在改善土著经济方面发挥巨大作用,这些资金在微观和宏观层面进一步加强了经济。以前,各种研究都发现了供应方因素与金融包容性之间的决定性关系。鉴于本文强调巴基斯坦官方金融流入的闷热问题,尤其侧重于家庭层面的需求方面因素。该分析使用了Heckman选择技术来评估对正式金融普惠性的需求,这只能在接受汇款的家庭中才能实现,因为这两个因素的决定因素都取决于独特的人口统计学特征,个人和家庭特征。该研究评估了家庭综合经济调查(HIES)2013-2014年期间的家庭调查数据。结果表明,家庭需求方面的因素对金融普惠性具有强大的影响。人们发现诸如教育和最高收入者年龄等人口特征对金融普惠具有积极和重大的影响。鉴于家庭特征,例如家庭生活条件,资产积累,家庭储蓄和借款,也强烈影响正式的金融包容性决策。因此,建议采取一项综合政策,通过正规和金融知识的普及来提高家庭的意识。该研究评估了家庭综合经济调查(HIES)2013-2014年期间的家庭调查数据。结果表明,家庭需求方面的因素对金融普惠性具有强大的影响。人们发现诸如教育和最高收入者年龄等人口特征对金融普惠具有积极和重大的影响。鉴于家庭特征,例如家庭生活条件,资产积累,家庭储蓄和借款,也强烈影响正式的金融包容性决策。因此,建议采取一项综合政策,通过正规和金融知识的普及来提高家庭的意识。该研究评估了家庭综合经济调查(HIES)2013-2014年期间的家庭调查数据。结果表明,家庭需求方面的因素对金融普惠性具有强大的影响。人们发现诸如教育和最高收入者年龄等人口特征对金融普惠具有积极和重大的影响。鉴于家庭特征,例如家庭生活条件,资产积累,家庭储蓄和借款,也强烈影响正式的金融包容性决策。因此,建议采取一项综合政策,通过正规和金融知识的普及来提高家庭的认识。人们发现诸如教育和最高收入者年龄等人口特征对金融普惠具有积极和重大的影响。鉴于家庭特征,例如家庭生活条件,资产积累,家庭储蓄和借款,也强烈影响正式的金融包容性决策。因此,建议采取一项综合政策,通过正规和金融知识的普及来提高家庭的意识。人们发现诸如教育和最高收入者年龄等人口特征对金融普惠性具有积极而重大的影响。鉴于家庭特征,例如家庭生活条件,资产积累,家庭储蓄和借款,也强烈影响正式的金融包容性决策。因此,建议采取一项综合政策,通过正规和金融知识的普及来提高家庭的认识。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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