This paper aims to explore the behavior of major regulated commercial banks. The study is aimed to examine that how these banks adjust their leverage and regulatory ratios by applying a two-step GMM framework. The Utilization of asset growth facilitates well-capitalized banks to restore their intended capital ratio and under-capitalized banks use equity and earnings to achieve equilibrium. Findings showed that large commercial banks adjust their legislative capital ratio faster than leverage. The differential effect suggested that well-capitalized banks required less time to manage equilibrium than those of adequately capitalized banks. The Under-capitalized banks took more time than those of adequately capitalized banks to reach their targeted capital level. The findings also indicated that banks in the post-crisis setting adjusted their leverage level more rapidly than the pre-crisis period. The risk-based capital ratio is lower than in the pre-crisis era. Findings were obtained from the samples of different U.S. banks covering the period from 2002 to 2018. The results of this study have economic relevance for policy implications and future regulations.

中文翻译：

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银行如何调整资本比率：最新的经验事实

本文旨在探讨主要受管制商业银行的行为。该研究旨在检查这些银行如何通过应用两步式GMM框架来调整其杠杆和监管比率。资产增长的利用有利于资本充足的银行恢复其预期的资本比率，而资本不足的银行则利用股本和收益来实现平衡。调查结果表明，大型商业银行调整其立法资本比率的速度快于杠杆率。差异效应表明，资本充足的银行比均衡资本充足的银行所需的时间更少。与资本充足的银行相比，资本不足的银行要花费更多的时间才能达到目标资本水平。调查结果还表明，处于危机后环境的银行调整其杠杆水平要比危机前时期更快。基于风险的资本比率低于危机前时代。从2002年至2018年期间的不同美国银行的样本中获得了发现。这项研究的结果对于政策影响和未来法规具有经济意义。