ABSTRACT

Anti-Haitian attitudes are widely acknowledged to exist in the Dominican Republic, but it has not been clear whether these are driven by anti-Black, anti-immigrant, or specifically anti-Haitian stereotypes. We conduct a quantitative content analysis of a disproportionally stratified probability sample from the universe of all articles containing the search term ‘Haiti’ that appeared in the online versions of the three main Dominican daily newspapers, El Listín Diario, Hoy, and El Caribe from 2013 to 2015. In each article, we counted references to anti-Black stereotypes, anti-immigrant stereotypes (regardless of race), and stereotypes of criminal violence that are common to both anti-Black as well as anti-immigrant stereotypes. We also distinguish specifically anti-Haitian stereotypes based on the Dominican Republic’s historical experience of Haitian invasion and occupation, portraying Haitians as attackers or invaders. We find the strongest stereotype consistency bias in the domain of crime and violence. This finding is consistent with the predominance of either anti-Black bias or anti-immigrant bias, evidence for which differs from one newspaper to another. There is surprisingly little to no evidence of the predominance of stereotypes that are particular to Haitian-Dominican relations. We discuss the implications of our findings for mainstream and revisionist approaches to Dominican history and sociology.

摘要

在多米尼加共和国已普遍存在反海地人的态度，但尚不清楚这些态度是由反黑人，反移民还是特别是反海地人的陈规定型观念所驱动。我们对包含搜索词“海地”的所有文章中不成比例分层的概率样本进行了定量内容分析，该词出现在多米尼加三大日报的在线版本中（2013年，ElListínDiario，Hoy和El Caribe）至2015年。在每篇文章中，我们都对反黑人刻板印象，反移民刻板印象（无论种族如何）以及反黑人和反移民刻板印象都常见的刑事暴力刻板印象进行了统计。我们还根据多米尼加共和国对海地人的入侵和占领的历史经验，特别区分了反海地人的刻板印象，将海地人描述为攻击者或入侵者。我们在犯罪和暴力领域发现最强烈的刻板印象一致性偏见。这一发现与反黑人偏见或反移民偏见的盛行相吻合，证据各不相同。令人惊讶的是，几乎没有证据表明存在专门针对海地-多米尼加关系的刻板印象。我们讨论了我们的发现对多米尼加历史和社会学的主流和修正主义方法的意义。这一发现与反黑人偏见或反移民偏见的盛行相吻合，证据各不相同。令人惊讶的是，几乎没有证据表明存在特定于海地-多米尼加关系的成见。我们讨论了我们的发现对多米尼加历史和社会学的主流和修正主义方法的意义。这一发现与反黑人偏见或反移民偏见的盛行相吻合，证据各不相同。令人惊讶的是，几乎没有证据表明存在特定于海地-多米尼加关系的成见。我们讨论了我们的发现对多米尼加历史和社会学的主流和修正主义方法的意义。