In a group portrait by the Swedish painter August Malmström from c. 1894, the professor of anatomy Carl Curman is seen lecturing a group of students at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts in Stockholm, most of them women. The painting has often been used to illustrate the change that came to the Academy of Arts in 1864, when a separate Ladies’ Department, opened. This article investigates the painting from another perspective, raising the question: what exactly was Curman teaching? As a result of the analysis, Malmström’s group portrait reveals the impact of Scientific Racism on nineteenth-century art education. Hereby, Curman’s lecture is put in the context of among others Petrus Camper’s idea that the different races differ in skull shape, and particularly in facial angle and Anders Retzius’ classification system for skulls.

中文翻译：

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柯曼的头骨：科学种族主义与艺术

来自瑞典画家奥古斯特·马尔姆斯特罗姆（c。1894年，解剖学教授卡尔·库曼（Carl Curman）在斯德哥尔摩的皇家瑞典艺术学院讲课，其中有一群女学生。这幅画常被用来说明1864年艺术学院的变化，当时开设了一个单独的女士部。本文从另一个角度研究了这幅画，并提出了一个问题：库尔曼的教学究竟是什么？分析的结果是，马尔姆斯特罗姆的集体画像揭示了科学种族主义对19世纪艺术教育的影响。因此，库尔曼（Curman）的演讲是在彼得鲁斯·坎伯（Petrus Camper）的思想中提出的，即不同种族的头骨形状，特别是面部角度和安德斯·雷齐乌斯（Anders Retzius）对头骨的分类系统有所不同。