Aknashen (formerly called Khatunarkh) is a small Neolithic village of the Ararat valley located 25 kilometres away from Yerevan (capital of Armenia) and 5 km South-West of Echmiadzin (Vagharshapat). Aknashen is also located at only six kilometres of another Neolithic village which is contemporary: Aratashen, a site for which we recently published a technological study of the obsidian industry. Excavations have been taking place each year since 2004 at Aknashen. Concerning the lithic material, we identified two main chaines operatoires on obsidian (which is an abundant raw material in this region): one concerns expedient tools made on flakes and the other one relates to long regular blades. This article will concentrate on this long blade industry obtained by three techniques: standing up pressure with a crutch, pressure with a lever and indirect percussion. Otherwise, the link between the application of these techniques and the complete chaine operatoire of these blades is difficult to figure since elements are missing and we do not know for sure if, for example, the blades knapped by standing up pressure with a crutch were obtained after the progressive reduction of the cores knapped first using indirect percussion and then pressure with a lever. But even if we still don’t understand various elements, such as the exact place (workshop) where knapping activities took place at the site, even if various “debitage” products have been found, at least this constitutes a proof that part of this chaine operatoire was performed at the site. Furthermore, a systematic study of this material makes it possible to recognize the techniques used, but also to observe the great level of know-how of the specialists who carried out this work. Generally, standing up pressure with a crutch and indirect percussion, are two techniques used in order to obtain long regular blades, and these are better known (documented) than pressure with a lever, even if the latter has been identified in several cultures from the Neolithic, Chalcolithic and sometimes even during Early Bronze Age periods, nonetheless it has been the object of fewer studies of this kind. However, the identification of this high level of skill is important for many reasons, of course first from a pure technological point of view, but the presence of the technique of pressure with a lever on a given site can also constitute an excellent cultural marker in order to characterize cultures that are involved with it and also to help documenting more adequately exchanges (trade networks) that have been made and possible movements or contacts between populations (transmission of knowledge). In this article, a description of diagnostic specimens linked to each technique will be done and this material will be looked from a broader point of view (history of techniques and know-how) in order to have better knowledge of this culture and its possible origins (origin of this Neolithic still not precisely defined). As this research is still relatively new, many aspects are still to be confirmed and this work will carry on in the years to come.

中文翻译：

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Las en obsidienne的民族工业，阿克纳森-卡图纳克（L'exemple d'Aknashen-Khatunarkh）（阿米尔，千禧年首富）：首屈一指的压抑之路

Aknashen（以前称为Khatunarkh）是Ararat山谷的新石器时代小村庄，距离亚美尼亚首都埃里温（Erevan）（亚美尼亚首都）和Echmiadzin（Vagharshapat）西南5公里。Aknashen还位于另一个新石器时代的现代村庄：Aratashen，仅六公里处，我们最近发表了一篇有关黑曜石产业的技术研究报告。自2004年以来，每年在Aknashen进行挖掘。关于石质材料，我们确定了黑曜石（这是该地区丰富的原材料）上的两个主要链条操作：一个涉及在薄片上制得的权宜工具，另一个涉及长而规则的刀片。本文将重点介绍通过以下三种技术获得的长叶片行业：用拐杖站立压力，用杠杆和间接敲击压力。否则，由于缺少元件，因此很难弄清楚这些技术的应用与这些叶片的完整链式操作之间的联系，而且我们不确定例如是否获得了通过用拐杖站立压力而被绑架的叶片。在逐渐减少铁心后，首先使用间接敲击然后用杠杆加压。但是，即使我们仍然不了解各种元素，例如在现场进行绑架活动的确切地点（车间），即使找到了各种“借记”产品，至少也构成了证明这一点的一部分剧场演出在现场进行。此外，对该材料的系统研究使我们有可能认识到所使用的技术，而且还要观察从事这项工作的专家的专业知识水平。通常，用拐杖和间接打击乐器站起来的压力是获得较长的常规叶片的两种技术，与使用杠杆的压力相比，众所周知（有文献记载），即使通过杠杆从多种文化中发现了后者。尽管如此，新石器时代，黄铜器时代甚至有时在青铜时代初期，它一直是这类研究的对象。但是，出于多种原因，确定这种高水平的技能很重要，当然首先是从纯技术角度来看，但是在给定地点使用杠杆技术的压力技术也可以构成一个出色的文化标志，以便表征与之相关的文化，并帮助记录更充分的交流（贸易网络）人口之间的流动或接触（知识的传播）。在本文中，将对与每种技术相关的诊断标本进行描述，并从更广泛的角度（技术历史和专有技术）着眼于此材料，以便对这种文化及其起源有更好的了解。 （此新石器时代的起源仍未精确定义）。由于这项研究仍相对较新，因此许多方面仍有待确认，这项工作将在今后几年继续进行。