ABSTRACT Canada is known for its multiculturalism and is a major receiving country for international students. The successful integration of international students relies to some extent on positive social interaction and friendship formation with host-national students, which has been linked to a variety of positive outcomes. Nevertheless, consistent with existing research, we discover that international students develop their closest friendships with co-nationals and other international students. Based on survey responses and in-depth interviews with international students at one Canadian university, this study explains why international students are not taking advantage of opportunities to form friendships with host-national students, and/or why the friendship opportunities available are inadequate for deep friendship formation. Students’ responses might best be explained in terms of a cost/benefit analysis. Although interaction opportunities at Canadian universities exist, interaction constraints that are seen as costly to international students reinforce cultural boundaries and create barriers to intercultural friendship formations.

中文翻译：

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了解加拿大大学国际学生和东道国学生之间的友谊形成

摘要加拿大以其多元文化主义而闻名，是国际学生的主要接收国。国际学生的成功融合在某种程度上取决于与东道国学生的积极的社会互动和友谊的形成，而这种互动与各种积极的结果相关。然而，与现有研究一致，我们发现国际学生与同胞和其他国际学生发展了最亲密的友谊。基于一项加拿大大学对国际学生的问卷调查和深入访谈，这项研究解释了为什么国际学生没有利用与东道国学生结成友谊的机会，和/或为什么现有的友谊机会不足以使学生获得深造友谊的形成。最好用成本/收益分析来解释学生的回答。尽管加拿大大学存在交流机会，但对国际学生而言昂贵的交流障碍加剧了文化界限，并为跨文化友谊的形成创造了障碍。