There is currently a discussion going on in the scientific community about using digital twins and modeling to manage risks in the supply chains. This need for constructing digital twins is caused by the low reliability and stability of supply chains due to the faults in their operation. These faults are a result of risks in the supply chains which can be consolidated into two types. The first type is operational risks. These are the current risks of the supply chain itself caused by an uncertainty of supply and demand as well as by an obstructed flow of information along the supply chain. The second type is critical risks caused by force majeure. These risks disrupt the normal operation of the supply chain and critically reduce the most important performance indicators of the company such as annual income and profits. Risks happen due to natural or man-made causes such as fires and floods in the distribution centers or at production facilities, legal disputes with suppliers, strikes, terrorist attacks on logistics facilities and others. Dynamic simulation and analytical optimization are two dominant technologies for managing risks of the supply chains, which helps to increase their reliability and stability if failures occur. Through optimizing and simulating of the supply chains, companies can generate new information about the impact of failure and influence the supply chain and its performance by looking at various scenarios that simulate the locations of failures, the duration and recovery policies. An analysis of the literary sources shows that there is no single approach to build the concept for a supply chain digital twin. This article gives an overview of the literature according to this problem and offers the author's point of view on the concept for a supply chain digital twin.

中文翻译：

---

供应链数字孪生的概念

目前，科学界正在讨论使用数字双胞胎和建模来管理供应链中的风险。之所以需要构建数字孪生系统，是因为其运行中的故障导致供应链的可靠性和稳定性较低。这些故障是供应链中的风险的结果，可以将其合并为两种类型。第一类是操作风险。这些是供应和需求的不确定性以及沿着供应链的信息流受阻所引起的供应链本身当前的风险。第二类是不可抗力造成的重大风险。这些风险扰乱了供应链的正常运作，并严重降低了公司最重要的绩效指标，例如年收入和利润。风险是由于自然或人为原因而发生的，例如配送中心或生产设施的火灾和洪水，与供应商的法律纠纷，罢工，对物流设施的恐怖袭击等。动态仿真和分析优化是管理供应链风险的两种主要技术，如果发生故障，有助于提高其可靠性和稳定性。通过优化和仿真供应链，公司可以通过查看各种模拟故障位置，持续时间和恢复策略的方案来生成有关故障影响的新信息，并影响供应链及其绩效。对文学来源的分析表明，没有一种方法可以构建供应链数字孪生的概念。