This article comprises two sections. The first analyses John Milton’s Paradise Lost in terms of the frontier dividing Providence and Chaos. Chaos is represented in violent images of the colonial world, the English Civil War, and Scientific Revolution cosmology. Providence intends to justify the ways of God in history. Milton’s retelling of the traditional Biblical Fall allegorises the 17th century Scientific Revolution, English society overwhelmed by market forces, and early modern nation-building wars. The second section analyses the English Civil War, focusing on Providence and Natural Rights. The Natural Rights defence of pluralism was the work of political refugees, attempting to curtail atrocities done in the name of Providence. Providence, meanwhile, was a political weapon, amidst new forces of capitalism, dynastic rivalry, and nationalism. This article examines Milton’s poetic visions, and the institutions and actions that characterized his political life in the English Revolution, and their interconnection.

中文翻译：

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宽容还是阴影之战：约翰·弥尔顿的《失落的天堂》，英国内战和千变万化的现代早期边界

本文包括两个部分。第一部分从边界划分天意和混乱的角度分析了约翰·弥尔顿的《失乐园》。混沌表现在殖民世界，英国内战和科学革命宇宙学的暴力图像中。普罗维登斯打算为历史上的上帝之道辩护。弥尔顿（Milton）重提传统的《圣经》的秋天，寓言着17世纪的科学革命，英国社会被市场力量所淹没，以及早期的现代建国战争。第二部分分析英国内战，重点是普罗维登斯和自然权利。捍卫多元化的自然权利是政治难民的工作，试图减少以普罗维登斯名义进行的暴行。同时，普罗维登斯（Providence）是资本主义，王朝对立和民族主义等新势力中的政治武器。