This paper examines multiple lines of evidence to argue Ancestral Pueblo peoples engaged in pitched battle and thereby challenges the common view that warfare in the North American Southwest primarily took the form of raiding. Although various tactics likely coexisted in the martial repertoire of Prehispanic peoples, I highlight that raiding has generally been overemphasized by Southwestern archaeologists. After critically reflecting on how scholars interpret tactics, the bulk of this manuscript is devoted to examining evidence of battle among Prehispanic and post-Contact Pueblo peoples. I argue the earliest solid evidence of battle tactics dates to around AD 1300 and possibly as early as AD 1200. I develop a case for a shift in tactics tied to changes in weaponry along with groups aggregating for protection and the resulting spatial needs of large communities. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

中文翻译：

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北美西南战线：对西班牙裔美国人和战前联系后的普韦布洛战争策略的调查

本文研究了多条证据来争辩普韦布洛祖先人民参与了激战，从而挑战了北美西南部战争主要采取袭击的普遍观点。尽管在西班牙裔人的武术中都可能并存有多种战术，但我强调指出，西南考古学家通常过分强调突袭。在批判性地思考了学者们如何解释战术之后，该手稿的大部分内容专门用于研究西班牙裔前和后联系普韦布洛人民之间战斗的证据。我认为战斗策略的最早可靠证据可追溯到公元1300年左右，可能最早可追溯到公元1200年。我提出了一种与武器变化有关的策略转变的案例，以及为保护而聚集的团体以及由此产生的大社区的空间需求。图形概要