Abstract The Industrial Revolution led to mass production of many materials that naturally found their way into nineteenth century cultural heritage. One such material is flat glass, the manufacture of which underwent a succession of innovations that influenced the burgeoning field of photography. Results of historical research illustrate how changes in the glass industry contributed to the diversity of glass available to nineteenth century photographers either as cover glass in enclosures or as substrates. This information provides important context for limited surveys of nineteenth century photographic glass in two historical society collections using only microscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Survey results, plus microscopy, XRF, and OCT and analysis of historical and artificially aged model glass, provide new evidence about instability in glass in historical collections of photography, and underscore the potential for any type of nineteenth century glass to undergo progressive deterioration involving attack on the silicate network in adverse microclimates. Results have implications for both prioritisation of collection needs and conservation practices.

中文翻译：

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十九世纪的玻璃制造及其对照相玻璃稳定性的影响

摘要工业革命导致大量材料的大量生产，这些材料自然地进入了19世纪的文化遗产。一种这样的材料是平板玻璃，其制造经历了一系列创新，影响了迅速发展的摄影领域。历史研究的结果表明，玻璃行业的变化如何促进了19世纪摄影者所使用的玻璃的多样性，无论是作为外壳的保护玻璃还是作为基材。该信息为仅使用显微镜和X射线荧光（XRF）进行的两个历史社会收藏集中的19世纪照相玻璃的有限调查提供了重要背景。调查结果，以及显微镜，XRF和OCT以及对历史玻璃和人工老化的模型玻璃的分析，提供了有关历史摄影作品中玻璃不稳定性的新证据，并强调了任何类型的19世纪玻璃都有可能进行性变质，包括在不利的小气候中侵蚀硅酸盐网络。结果对收集需求的优先次序和保护实践都有影响。