Operation Phakisa (www.operationphakisa.gov.za) is a South African Government delivery program initiated in 2014 to fast track the implementation of the country’s National Development Plan (NDP 2030) aimed at job creation, poverty alleviation and social equity (Zuma, 2014, October 15). ‘Phakisa’ is a Sesotho word for hurry and underscores the program’s urgency to deliver. The program, based on the Malaysian Government’s ‘big fast results methodology,’ follows a results-driven approach which includes the establishment of targets and associated public accountability in their attainment. Operation Phakisa is a broad multi-sectoral program that has initiatives in a number of South African sectors, including oceans economy, agriculture, health care and education, and is overseen by the South African Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME) Operation Phakisa Delivery Unit (OP, 2015a, p. 1). In line with the expansion of ocean economies across the world, the South African government launched the Operation Phakisa ‘Unlocking the Oceans Economy’ (hereafter termed ‘Oceans Phakisa’) Initiative in 2014 to advance the benefit contribution of South Africa’s oceans economy (Potgieter, 2018, p. 50). The Oceans Phakisa Initiative initially reviewed eight industry sectors and an associated ocean governance sector for their potential in advancing the South African oceans economy through potential increases in GDP contribution and potential job creation opportunities (from a 2010 base levels to a 2033 target level) (OP, 2014a, p. 5). The reviewed sectors included Marine Transport and Manufacturing, Tourism, Offshore Oil and Gas, Construction, Renewable Energy, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Communication, Desalination and the Marine Protection Services and Governance Aspect (OP, 2015a). Three industry sectors (Marine Transport and Manufacturing, Offshore Oil and Gas and Aquaculture) and a Marine Protection Services and Governance were initially selected for advancement, with two further industry sectors (Tourism and Small Harbour and Infrastructural Development) selected thereafter (possibly to advance broader community rather than industry benefits) (OP, 2014b, 2014c, 2014d, 2014e, 2015a, 2015c). Whilst the overall Oceans Phakisa was mandated to South Africa’s Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), each of the delivery areas were mandated to their respective government departments (Aquaculture to the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) for example) and the Marine protection Services and Governance mandated also to the DEA. Over and above these six focused delivery areas, two enabling mechanisms were also established; the Department of Science and Technology (DST) to oversee research, innovation and technology and the Department

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Phakisa 行动和开启南非的海洋经济

Phakisa 行动 (www.operationphakisa.gov.za) 是南非政府于 2014 年启动的一项交付计划，旨在加快该国旨在创造就业、减轻贫困和社会公平的国家发展计划 (NDP 2030) 的实施（Zuma，2014 年） ，10 月 15 日）。“Phakisa”在塞索托语中意为“快点”，强调了该计划实施的紧迫性。该计划基于马来西亚政府的“大而快的结果方法”，遵循以结果为导向的方法，其中包括制定目标和相关的公共问责制。Phakisa 行动是一项广泛的多部门计划，在南非的多个部门包括海洋经济、农业、医疗保健和教育，并由南非规划部监督，监测和评估 (DPME) 操作 Phakisa 交付单位（OP，2015a，第 1 页）。随着海洋经济在世界范围内的扩张，南非政府于 2014 年发起了“解锁海洋经济”（以下简称“海洋法基萨”）行动，以促进南非海洋经济的利益贡献（Potgieter， 2018 年，第 50 页）。海洋法基萨倡议最初审查了八个工业部门和一个相关的海洋治理部门，以了解它们通过潜在增加 GDP 贡献和潜在的就业机会（从 2010 年基准水平到 2033 年目标水平）来推动南非海洋经济发展的潜力（OP ，2014a，第 5 页）。审查的部门包括海上运输和制造、旅游业、海上石油和天然气、建筑、可再生能源、渔业和水产养殖、通讯、海水淡化和海洋保护服务和治理方面（OP，2015a）。三个行业（海洋运输和制造、海上石油和天然气和水产养殖）和一个海洋保护服务和治理最初被选中推进，随后又选择了另外两个行业（旅游、小港口和基础设施开发）（可能是为了推进更广泛的领域）社区而非行业利益）（OP，2014b、2014c、2014d、2014e、2015a、2015c）。虽然整个海洋 Phakisa 被授权给南非环境事务部 (DEA)，但每个交付区域都被授权给各自的政府部门（水产养殖到农业部，例如，林业和渔业 (DAFF)）以及同样由 DEA 授权的海洋保护服务和治理。除了这六个重点交付领域之外，还建立了两个扶持机制；科技部 (DST) 负责监督研究、创新和技术以及该部