ABSTRACT This article emphasises that trustful behaviour is meaningful behaviour which communicates that the interaction partner is perceived as a trustworthy actor. It shows how this almost trivial insight can enrich our theoretical understanding of trusting relations in a significant way. Three assumptions will be derived which emphasise the relational character of trust and which focus on causal and constitutive interactions between trustful behaviour and certain inter-subjective structures in which a relationship is embedded: first, trustful behaviour (re-)produces shared social identity; second, trustful behaviour satisfies the socio-emotional needs of the trusted actor; and third, trustful behaviour complies with a social norm and obligation to trust. These assumptions will be applied for a theoretical analysis of processes of building and maintaining identification-based trusting relations. It will be highlighted that the active celebration of trustful behaviour itself is necessary for the (re-)production of the socio-emotional foundation of an identification-based trusting relationship. Moreover, the theoretical analysis will provide a discussion of appropriate and effective reassurance strategies which actors may follow in times of uncertainty and doubt. In sum, the article provides a new perspective on the relationship between trust and risk: not only trustful behaviour is (objectively) risky, but also the refusal of trust. Actors who unnecessarily refuse to engage in trustful behaviour risk deteriorating the relationship.

中文翻译：

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信任行为是有意义的行为：对基于身份的信任关系理论的启示

摘要本文强调信任行为是有意义的行为，它表明交互伙伴被视为值得信赖的行为者。它显示了这种几乎微不足道的洞察力如何以重要方式丰富了我们对信任关系的理论理解。将得出三个假设，这些假设强调信任的关系特征，并侧重于信任行为与嵌入关系的某些主体间结构之间的因果关系和构成性相互作用：第一，信任行为（重新）产生共享的社会认同；第二，信任的行为满足了信任参与者的社会情感需求。第三，信任行为符合社会规范和信任义务。这些假设将用于对建立和维护基于身份的信任关系的过程进行理论分析。需要强调的是，积极地庆祝信任行为本身对于基于身份的信任关系的社会情感基础的（再）生产是必要的。此外，理论分析将讨论参与者在不确定性和疑问时可能会遵循的适当有效的保证策略。总之，本文提供了关于信任与风险之间关系的新观点：不仅信任行为（客观上）具有风险，而且拒绝信任。不必要地拒绝进行信任行为的演员可能会恶化这种关系。需要强调的是，积极地庆祝信任行为本身对于基于身份的信任关系的社会情感基础的（再）生产是必要的。此外，理论分析将讨论参与者在不确定性和疑问时可能会遵循的适当有效的保证策略。总之，本文提供了关于信任与风险之间关系的新观点：不仅信任行为（客观上）具有风险，而且拒绝信任。不必要地拒绝进行信任行为的演员可能会恶化这种关系。需要强调的是，积极地庆祝信任行为本身对于基于身份的信任关系的社会情感基础的（再）生产是必要的。此外，理论分析将讨论参与者在不确定性和疑问时可能会遵循的适当有效的保证策略。总之，本文提供了关于信任与风险之间关系的新观点：不仅信任行为（客观上）具有风险，而且拒绝信任。不必要地拒绝进行信任行为的演员可能会恶化这种关系。理论分析将讨论适当和有效的保证策略，参与者在不确定和怀疑的时候可以遵循这些策略。总之，本文提供了关于信任与风险之间关系的新观点：不仅信任行为（客观上）具有风险，而且拒绝信任。不必要地拒绝进行信任行为的演员可能会恶化这种关系。理论分析将讨论适当和有效的保证策略，参与者在不确定和怀疑的时候可以遵循这些策略。总之，本文提供了关于信任与风险之间关系的新观点：不仅信任行为（客观上）具有风险，而且拒绝信任。不必要地拒绝进行信任行为的演员可能会恶化这种关系。