ABSTRACT Using confirmatory factor analyses and multiple indicators per construct, we examined a number of theoretically derived factor structures pertaining to numerous trust-relevant constructs (from 9 to 12) across four institutional contexts (police, local governance, natural resources, state governance) and multiple participant-types (college students via an online survey, community residents as part of a city's budget engagement activity, a random sample of rural landowners, and a national sample of adult Americans via an Amazon Mechanical Turk study). Across studies, a number of common findings emerged. First, the best fitting models in each study maintained separate factors for each trust-relevant construct. Furthermore, post hoc analyses involving addition of higher-order factors tended to fit better than collapsing of factors. Second, dispositional trust was easily distinguishable from the other trust-related constructs, and positive and negative constructs were often distinguishable. However, the items reflecting positive trust attitude constructs or positive trustworthiness perceptions showed low discriminant validity. Differences in findings between studies raise questions warranting further investigation in future research, including differences in correlations among latent constructs varying from very high (e.g. 12 inter-factor correlations above .9 in Study 2) to more moderate (e.g. only three correlations above .8 in Study 4). Further, the results from one study (Study 4) suggested that legitimacy, fairness, and voice were especially highly correlated and may form a single higher-order factor, but the other studies did not. Future research is needed to determine when and why different higher-order factor structures may emerge in different institutional contexts or with different samples.

中文翻译：

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四个机构领域中与信任相关的结构的维度：验证性因素分析的结果

摘要使用验证性因素分析和每个结构的多个指标，我们研究了在四个机构环境（警察，地方治理，自然资源，国家治理）中与许多与信任相关的结构（从9到12）有关的许多理论上得出的因子结构。多种参与者类型（通过在线调查的大学生，作为城市预算参与活动一部分的社区居民，通过农村机械所有者随机抽样的样本以及通过Amazon Mechanical Turk研究获得的全国成年美国人的样本）。在各种研究中，出现了许多常见的发现。首先，每项研究中的最佳拟合模型为每种与信任相关的结构保留了独立的因素。此外，事后分析涉及添加高阶因数，其拟合性要好于使之崩溃。第二，倾向性信任很容易与其他与信任相关的构型区分开，积极和消极构型通常也可以区分开。但是，反映积极信任态度构造或积极信任感的项目显示出较低的判别效度。研究之间的发现差异提出了值得在未来研究中进一步研究的问题，包括潜在构造之间的相关性差异，从非常高（例如，研究2中的12个因素间相关性高于0.9）到更中等（例如，只有0.8以上的三项相关性）不等。在研究4中）。此外，一项研究（研究4）的结果表明，合法性，公平性和声音之间的相关性特别高，并且可能形成一个较高阶的因素，而另一项研究则没有。