ABSTRACT This article explores the emergence and development of parental alienation (PA) in England and Wales. It considers the background into which PA first appeared in private law proceedings concerning children in England and Wales, and examines how it progressed in the case law through the changing political and discursive context of private family law from 2000 to the end of March 2019. A clear pattern emerged of, initially, parental alienation syndrome and subsequently PA being raised in family proceedings and in political and popular arenas in response to concerns about and measures to address domestic abuse. The case law revealed a high incidence of domestic abuse perpetrated by parents (principally fathers) who were claiming that the resident parents (principally mothers) had alienated the children against them, which raises questions about the purpose of PA. More recently, a PA ‘industry’ appears to have amassed comprising experts, therapists and lawyers, advocating transfers of children’s care from ‘alienating’ mothers to non-resident fathers, as well as PA therapy for children and parents. While PA has had a chequered history and is not without its critics, it has become part of the discursive repertoire of current family law, with increasingly harsh consequences for women and children.

中文翻译：

---

敌意的谱系：英格兰和威尔士的父母异化

摘要 本文探讨了父母异化 (PA) 在英格兰和威尔士的出现和发展。它考虑了 PA 首次出现在英格兰和威尔士有关儿童的私法诉讼中的背景，并通过从 2000 年到 2019 年 3 月底不断变化的家庭私法的政治和话语背景，研究了它在判例法中的进展。最初出现了父母疏远综合症，随后在家庭诉讼以及政治和大众舞台上提出了 PA，以回应对解决家庭虐待的担忧和措施。判例法显示，父母（主要是父亲）实施的家庭虐待事件发生率很高，他们声称常住父母（主要是母亲）疏远了对他们不利的孩子，这引发了关于 PA 目的的问题。最近，一个由专家、治疗师和律师组成的 PA“行业”似乎已经聚集起来，主张将儿童护理从“疏远”的母亲转移到非居民父亲，以及对儿童和父母的 PA 治疗。虽然 PA 的历史曲折，也并非没有批评者，但它已成为当前家庭法的散漫剧目的一部分，对妇女和儿童造成越来越严重的后果。