Purpose This study aims to explore the moderating impact of narcissism overload on the relation between founder CEO and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in registered private schools of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a stratified random sampling method with the help of previously validated questionnaires. A sample of 121 replies was gathered for analysis. SPSS has been used to find the results. Findings Results depict that CEO narcissism moderates the relation between founder CEO and EO and does not moderate the relationship between and CEO ownership and EO. Originality/value Many studies focused on the founder personality characteristics (such as generalized self-efficacy or locus of control) are not directly observed, but rather inferred their effect indirectly. The study contributes to examine how the founder CEO variable interacts with CEO personality to influence EO. This study will propose a practical approach to investigate whether and how the narcissism constructs moderate the founder CEO–EO relationship. Direct association between stock ownership and EO will also be examined.

中文翻译：

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创始人CEO和CEO所有权对企业家取向的影响，减轻了CEO自恋的作用

目的这项研究旨在探讨自恋超负荷对巴基斯坦注册私立学校创始人CEO与创业倾向（EO）之间关系的适度影响。设计/方法/方法数据是通过分层随机抽样方法，在先前已验证的调查表的帮助下收集的。收集了121个答复样本进行分析。SPSS已用于查找结果。研究结果表明，CEO自恋会缓和创始人CEO与EO之间的关系，而不会缓和CEO所有权与EO之间的关系。原创性/价值许多针对创始人个性特征（例如广义自我效能或控制源）的研究并未得到直接观察，而是间接推断出其影响。该研究有助于检验创始人的CEO变量如何与CEO个性互动以影响EO。这项研究将提出一种实用的方法来研究自恋是否以及如何构建缓和了创始人CEO与EO的关系。股票所有权和EO之间的直接关联也将被研究。