ABSTRACT

The rate of poverty in the Northern region of Nigeria is quite alarming despite the enormous resources the region is endowed. The region has fertile land with varied agricultural products and other resources such as tin, barite, zinc, limestone, columbite, lead and gypsum. Despite these numerous resources, the region has the highest population of people in extreme poverty with violence and high crime rate. These necessitate investigation into the extreme poverty in the region. The aim of this study is to attempt an in-depth conceptual exposition on how the political and economic system has contributed to the high rates of multidimensional poverty in Nigeria, with more focus on the Northern region of the country. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to understand the reasons for the complex poverty situation in Nigeria. Also, to investigate the trends of poverty in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria with more focus on the Northern zones of the country. In addition, to determine whether the poverty intervention programs by successive governments were successful in reducing poverty in the country. To achieve this, the study considers both aggregate and disaggregate analysis of poverty in the six geopolitical zones (North East, North West, North Central, South East, South South and South West) of Nigeria with more emphases on the Northern zones. Firstly, the study analyzes poverty using per capita expenditure approach to determine the poverty level for the country. Then, the study further determines the disaggregated poverty value for the six geopolitical zones. Thereafter, the poverty level in the Northern zones was accentuated. The method of analysis used in this study is Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) P_α class poverty measure and the Cumulative Distributive Function (CDF). The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) P_α class poverty measure is used to determine the Headcount ratio, Poverty gap and Poverty gap squared. The Cumulative Distributive Function (CDF) is also derived. The dataset used in this study is the General Household Survey (GHS-Panel) wave 1 (2010–2011) and wave 2 (2012–2013). The findings from the study showed persistent poverty in all zones but most extreme in the Northern region with little change between the waves.

摘要

尽管尼日利亚北部地区拥有巨大的资源，但其贫困率仍然令人震惊。该地区土地肥沃，农产品和其他资源种类丰富，例如锡，重晶石，锌，石灰石，lum石，铅和石膏。尽管拥有大量资源，但该地区的极端贫困，暴力和高犯罪率人口最多。这些都需要对该地区的极端贫困进行调查。这项研究的目的是尝试就政治和经济体系如何导致尼日利亚的多维贫困率上升做出更深入的概念性阐述，并更多地关注该国的北部地区。因此，本研究的目的是了解尼日利亚复杂贫困状况的原因。还，调查尼日利亚六个地缘政治地区的贫困趋势，重点放在该国北部地区。此外，确定历届政府的贫困干预计划是否成功地减轻了该国的贫困。为了实现这一目标，本研究考虑了尼日利亚的六个地缘政治地区（东北，西北，中北部，东南，东南，西南和西南）对贫困的综合分析和分解分析。首先，研究使用人均支出方法分析贫困状况，以确定该国的贫困水平。然后，研究进一步确定了六个地缘政治区的分类贫困值。此后，北部地区的贫困状况更加突出。_α类贫困测度和累积分布函数（CDF）。福斯特-葛莱-托尔贝克（FGT）p _α类贫穷度量用于确定总人数比，贫穷差距和贫困差距平方。还推导了累积分布函数（CDF）。本研究中使用的数据集是一般家庭调查（GHS-Panel）的第1浪（2010–2011）和第2浪（2012–2013）。该研究的结果表明，所有地区都持续存在贫困，但北部地区最为严重，波浪之间的变化很小。