Abstract The history of American architecture includes many examples of activists and reformers who sought to make the profession more inclusive, just, and socially engaged. This article provides a review of the academic literature discussing the efforts of such architects in order to identify historic trends in the study of activist architects in the United States—this paper’s focus. After an initial period of growth and consolidation in the profession, contemporary forms of social engagement emerged in the 1960s and 1970s. Subsequent decades have seen many of these efforts continue, or be revived, alongside increased academic interest in these same efforts. The article then reviews three areas of sociological research pertinent to the scholarship on socially engaged design. These focus on institutional change within the profession, the “logics” that guide architectural work, and the relationship between the profession and the academy. This article explores these institutional perspectives for their potential to complement frameworks for analyzing dissent in design.

中文翻译：

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异议设计师：从社会学角度解读建筑中的激进主义和倡导

摘要 美国建筑的历史包括许多积极分子和改革者的例子，他们试图使这一行业更具包容性、公正性和社会参与度。本文回顾了讨论这些建筑师的努力的学术文献，以确定美国激进主义建筑师研究的历史趋势——本文的重点。在该行业经历了最初的成长和巩固时期之后，当代的社会参与形式出现在 1960 年代和 1970 年代。在随后的几十年里，随着学术界对这些努力的兴趣增加，许多这些努力仍在继续或得到恢复。然后，文章回顾了与社会参与设计奖学金相关的三个社会学研究领域。这些专注于行业内的制度变革，指导建筑工作的“逻辑”，以及专业与学院之间的关系。本文探讨了这些制度观点，因为它们有可能补充分析设计异议的框架。