Tumor-infiltrating immune/inflammatory cells, the important components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), remarkably affect the progression of human cancers. To understand the actual conditions within the TME of colorectal cancer (CRC), the interrelationship among tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, M2 macrophages, and regulatory T-cells (T_regs) was systematically analyzed. The infiltration conditions of CD66b⁺ neutrophils, CD163⁺ M2 macrophages, and FOXP3⁺ T_regs in tissue microarrays including 1021 cases of CRC were determined by immunohistochemical analysis. The prediction power of these immune cells for CRC prognosis was evaluated by subgroup analysis of the CRC cohort. Results revealed the existence pattern of infiltrating neutrophils, and T_regs/M2 macrophages fulfilled a “X-low implies Y-high” Boolean relationship, indicative of a mutually exclusive correlation between neutrophils and M2 macrophages, and between neutrophils and T_regs in the TME of CRC. What’s more, the tumor-infiltrating M2 macrophages and T_regs were associated with adverse prognostic factors, whereas neutrophils were corelated with favorable factors. The high infiltration of neutrophils predicted longer survival and better chemotherapeutic response. Nonetheless, high infiltration of M2 macrophages and T_regs predicted poor prognosis. The combination of these tumor-infiltrating immune cells can serve as an effective predictor for the survival of CRC and for the chemotherapeutic outcomes of stage II–III patients. 

肿瘤浸润性免疫/炎症细胞是肿瘤微环境（TME）的重要组成部分，显着影响人类癌症的进展。为了解结直肠癌 (CRC) TME 的实际情况，系统分析了肿瘤浸润性中性粒细胞、M2 巨噬细胞和调节性 T 细胞 (T _{regs ) 之间的相互关系。}CD66b ⁺中性粒细胞、CD163 ⁺ M2 巨噬细胞和 FOXP3 ⁺ T _{regs的浸润条件}在包括 1021 例 CRC 在内的组织微阵列中，通过免疫组织化学分析确定。这些免疫细胞对 CRC 预后的预测能力通过 CRC 队列的亚组分析进行评估。结果揭示了浸润性中性粒细胞的存在模式，T _regs / M2 巨噬细胞满足“X-low 意味着 Y-high”布尔关系，表明TME 中中性粒细胞和 M2 巨噬细胞之间以及中性粒细胞和 T _regs之间存在互斥相关性CRC。更重要的是，肿瘤浸润性 M2 巨噬细胞和 T _regs与不良预后因素相关，而中性粒细胞与有利因素相关。中性粒细胞的高浸润预示着更长的生存期和更好的化疗反应。尽管如此，M2 巨噬细胞和 T _regs的高浸润预示着预后不良。这些肿瘤浸润性免疫细胞的组合可以作为 CRC 生存和 II-III 期患者化疗结果的有效预测因子。