Polypyrrole-luminol-AuNPs nanocomposites were prepared and used to develop a sensitive label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) detection. Firstly, polypyrrole (PPY) nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical oxidation method using FeCl₃ as an oxidizing agent, then luminol and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were combined with PPY nanoparticles through electrostatic interaction to form PPY-luminol-AuNPs nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis absorption spectra, atomic emission spectrometry (AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Especially, iron element was also detected in the nanocomposites. The PPY-luminol-AuNPs nanocomposites showed excellent ECL activity due to the bi-catalysis of iron ion and gold nanoparticles on the ECL of luminol. Furthermore, the nanocomposites showed good film-forming property, and it can be fixed on electrode surface without the assistance of other film-forming materials. On this basis, an ECL immunosensor for CA153 was constructed by covalently immobilizing anti-CA153 on PPY-luminol-AuNPs modified indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) electrode. In the presence of CA153, a remarkable decrease in ECL signals was observed due to the formation of anti-CA153/CA153 complex. The immunosensor showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.001 to 700 U/mL for CA153, and the detection limit was 5.8 × 10^-4 U/mL (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the ECL immunosensor was applied to the determination of CA153 in practical human serum sample.

制备了聚吡咯-鲁米诺-AuNPs纳米复合材料，并用于开发灵敏的无标记电化学发光（ECL）免疫传感器，用于检测碳水化合物抗原153（CA153）。首先，使用FeCl ₃通过化学氧化法合成了聚吡咯（PPY）纳米颗粒。作为氧化剂，然后通过静电相互作用将鲁米诺和金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）与PPY纳米颗粒结合，形成PPY-鲁米诺-AuNPs纳米复合材料。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM），UV-Vis吸收光谱，原子发射光谱（AES），X射线衍射（XRD）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）对纳米复合材料进行了表征。特别地，在纳米复合材料中也检测到铁元素。PPY-luminol-AuNPs纳米复合材料由于铁离子和金纳米颗粒在鲁米诺的ECL上的双重催化而显示出优异的ECL活性。此外，纳米复合材料显示出良好的成膜性，并且可以在没有其他成膜材料的帮助下将其固定在电极表面上。在此基础上，通过将抗CA153共价固定在PPY-luminol-AuNPs修饰的铟掺杂氧化锡（ITO）电极上，构建了用于CA153的ECL免疫传感器。在存在CA153的情况下，由于抗CA153 / CA153复合物的形成，观察到ECL信号显着降低。免疫传感器在CA153的浓度范围为0.001至700 U / mL时表现出良好的线性关系，检出限为5.8×10^-4 U / mL（S / N = 3）。此外，将ECL免疫传感器用于实际人血清样品中CA153的测定。