In the course of evolution nature has arrived at startling materials solutions to ensure survival. Investigations into biological surfaces, ranging from plants, insects and geckos to aquatic animals, have inspired the design of intricate surface patterns to create useful functionalities. This paper reviews the fundamental interaction mechanisms of such micropatterns with liquids, solids, and soft matter such as skin for control of wetting, self-cleaning, anti-fouling, adhesion, skin adherence, and sensing. Compared to conventional chemical strategies, the paradigm of micropatterning enables solutions with superior resource efficiency and sustainability. Associated applications range from water management and robotics to future health monitoring devices. We finally provide an overview of the relevant patterning methods as an appendix.

在进化过程中，自然界已经提出了令人吃惊的材料解决方案，以确保生存。从植物，昆虫，壁虎到水生动物等生物表面的研究激发了错综复杂的表面图案的设计，以创造出有用的功能。本文概述了这种微图案与液体，固体和柔软物质（例如皮肤）的基本相互作用机理，以控制润湿，自清洁，防污，附着力，皮肤附着力和感测。与传统的化学策略相比，微图案化的范例使解决方案具有更高的资源效率和可持续性。相关应用范围从水管理和机器人技术到未来的健康监测设备。最后，作为附录，我们对相关的构图方法进行了概述。