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Soil depth matters: Shift in composition and inter-kingdom co-occurrence patterns of microorganisms in forest soils
FEMS Microbiology Ecology ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-06 , DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab022
Sunil Mundra 1, 2 , O Janne Kjønaas 3 , Luis N Morgado 1, 4 , Anders Kristian Krabberød 1 , Yngvild Ransedokken 5 , Håvard Kauserud 1
Affiliation  

Soil depth represents a strong physiochemical gradient that greatly affects soil-dwelling microorganisms. Fungal communities are typically structured by soil depth, but how other microorganisms are structured is less known. Here, we tested whether depth-dependent variation in soil chemistry affects the distribution and co-occurrence patterns of soil microbial communities. This was investigated by DNA metabarcoding in conjunction with network analyses of bacteria, fungi, as well as other micro-eukaryotes, sampled in four different soil depths in Norwegian birch forests. Strong compositional turnover in microbial assemblages with soil depth was detected for all organismal groups. Significantly greater microbial diversity and fungal biomass appeared in the nutrient-rich organic layer, with sharp decrease towards the less nutrient-rich mineral zones. The proportions of copiotrophic bacteria, Arthropoda and Apicomplexa were markedly higher in the organic layer, while patterns were opposite for oligotrophic bacteria, Cercozoa, Ascomycota and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Network analyses indicated more intensive inter-kingdom co-occurrence patterns in the upper mineral layer (0-5 cm) compared to the above organic and the lower mineral soil, signifying substantial influence of soil depth on biotic interactions. This study supports the view that different microbial groups are adapted to different forest soil strata, with varying level of interactions along the depth gradient.

中文翻译:

土壤深度很重要:森林土壤中微生物的组成变化和双峰共生模式

土壤深度代表了强烈的理化梯度,极大地影响了居住在土壤中的微生物。真菌群落通常是由土壤深度构成的,但其他微生物的结构却鲜为人知。在这里,我们测试了土壤化学中深度依赖的变化是否影响土壤微生物群落的分布和共生模式。通过DNA元条形码技术,结合细菌,真菌以及其他微型真核生物的网络分析,对这一点进行了研究,该技术在挪威桦树森林的四种不同土壤深度中进行了采样。对于所有有机物组,检测到的微生物组合中土壤组分的成分转换都很强。在富含营养的有机层中出现了明显更大的微生物多样性和真菌生物量,向富含较少营养的矿产区急剧减少。在有机层中,营养缺陷型细菌,节肢动物和蚜虫的比例显着较高,而贫营养型细菌,鹿角动物,子囊菌和外生菌根真菌的比例却相反。网络分析表明,与上面的有机土壤和下面的矿物土壤相比,上矿物层(0-5厘米)具有更高的王国间共生模式,这表明土壤深度对生物相互作用具有重大影响。这项研究支持这样的观点,即不同的微生物群适应于不同的森林土壤地层,并且沿深度梯度的相互作用水平不同。网络分析表明,与上面的有机土壤和下面的矿物土壤相比,上矿物层(0-5厘米)具有更高的王国间共生模式,这表明土壤深度对生物相互作用具有重大影响。这项研究支持这样的观点,即不同的微生物群适应于不同的森林土壤地层,并且沿深度梯度的相互作用水平不同。网络分析表明,与上面的有机土壤和下面的矿物土壤相比,上矿物层(0-5厘米)具有更高的王国间共生模式,这表明土壤深度对生物相互作用具有重大影响。这项研究支持这样的观点,即不同的微生物群适应于不同的森林土壤地层,并且沿深度梯度的相互作用水平不同。
更新日期:2021-02-07
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