ABSTRACT

Resilience is the capacity to cope successfully with various threats. This paper aims to adapt the Resilience-Scale of Schumacher et al. (2004. Die Resilienzskala – ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung der psychischen Widerstandsfähigkeit als Personmerkmal. [The Resilience Scale – A Questionnaire to Measure Mental Resilience as a Personal Characteristic]. Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie) to measure the tendency of being resilient even before a threat occurs. Since primary school students are exposed to various threats at school, 535 4th grade students of Austrian primary schools were surveyed for the study. The reliability of the short-scale was found to be acceptable (Cronbach’s α = .66), and the tendency towards resilience can be explained by the students’ perception of their social inclusion in class (F (1,252) = 15.11, p<.05) and the relationship with their mothers (F (2, 251) = 10, 02, p<.05). The stability of the students’ tendency of being resilient was only moderate. A similar correlation between resilience and school-wellbeing for victims and non-victims of bullying can be reported. Future studies should focus more on primary school students’ resilience and related protective factors.

摘要

韧性是成功应对各种威胁的能力。本文旨在改编 Schumacher 等人的弹性量表。(2004. Die Resilienzskala – ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung der psychischen Widerstandsfähigkeit als Personmerkmal . [弹性量表 – 衡量心理弹性作为个人特征的问卷]. Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapy) 即使在威胁发生之前也可以衡量弹性倾向。由于小学生在学校面临各种威胁，这项研究对奥地利小学的535名四年级学生进行了调查。发现短量表的可靠性是可以接受的（Cronbach's α = .66)，而弹性倾向可以通过学生对课堂中社会包容性的看法 ( F (1,252) = 15.11, p <.05) 以及与母亲的关系 ( F (2, 251) = 10, 02, p <.05) 来解释。学生的弹性倾向的稳定性只是中等。欺凌受害者和非受害者的复原力和学校福祉之间也存在类似的相关性。未来的研究应更多​​地关注小学生的心理弹性及相关保护因素。