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Sensitivity of the Baltic Sea Overturning Circulation to Long‐Term Atmospheric and Hydrological Changes
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-07 , DOI: 10.1029/2020jc016079
Manja Placke 1 , H. E. Markus Meier 1, 2 , Thomas Neumann 1
Affiliation  

The sensitivity of the overturning circulation in the Baltic Sea is analyzed with respect to long‐term changes in atmospheric and hydrological conditions by using two state‐of‐the‐art ocean circulation models: RCO (Rossby Centre Ocean model) with a reference simulation and various sensitivity experiments as well as MOM (Modular Ocean Model). Historical reconstructions since 1850 lasting for >150 years are considered in order to identify coherences between the overturning stream function and surface wind, river runoff, major Baltic inflows, salinity, and water temperature. Long‐term time series are evaluated statistically for several subbasins of the Baltic Sea for the two different models and for the sensitivity experiments concerning the interannual, multidecadal, and centennial variability. We found that the simulated overturning circulation has a response time scale with respect to wind or runoff of around 30 years. The overturning circulation will decrease basin‐wide under anomalous wind conditions which hamper the deep water flow within the Baltic Sea, under a warmer climate or when river runoff increases. However, a global sea level rise would reinforce the overturning circulation. Overall, multidecadal variations of the overturning circulation are anticorrelated to and caused by the wind parallel to the cross‐section of the overturning circulation. They are not caused by river runoff and the coherence with major Baltic inflows is small. Hence, the overturning circulation does not act as a good proxy for major Baltic inflows.

中文翻译:

波罗的海翻转环流对长期大气和水文变化的敏感性

通过使用两个最新的海洋环流模型:RCO(罗斯比中心海洋模型)和参考模拟,分析了波罗的海倾覆环流对大气和水文条件长期变化的敏感性。各种敏感性实验以及MOM(模块化海洋模型)。考虑到自1850年以来持续了150多年的历史重建,以便确定倾覆的河流功能与地表风,河流径流,主要波罗的海流入量,盐度和水温之间的一致性。对波罗的海的多个流域的两个不同模型以及与年际,十年和百年变化有关的敏感性实验进行了统计学上的长期时间序列评估。我们发现,模拟的倾覆环流对风或径流的响应时间尺度约为30年。在气候变暖或河流径流量增加的异常风条件下,倾覆环流将在整个盆地范围内减少,从而阻碍波罗的海内部的深水流动。但是,全球海平面上升会加剧环流。总体而言,倾覆环流的年代际变化与平行于倾覆环流横截面的风是反相关的,并由其引起。它们不是由河流径流引起的,与主要波罗的海流入量的一致性很小。因此,倾覆环流不能作为主要波罗的海流入的良好替代。在气候变暖或河流径流量增加的异常风条件下,倾覆环流将在整个盆地范围内减少,从而阻碍波罗的海内部的深水流动。但是,全球海平面上升会加剧环流。总体而言,倾覆环流的年代际变化与平行于倾覆环流横截面的风是反相关的,并由其引起。它们不是由河流径流引起的,与主要波罗的海流入量的一致性很小。因此,倾覆环流不能作为主要波罗的海流入的良好替代。在气候变暖或河流径流量增加的异常风条件下,倾覆环流将在整个盆地范围内减少,从而阻碍波罗的海内部的深水流动。但是,全球海平面上升会加剧环流。总体而言,倾覆环流的年代际变化与平行于倾覆环流横截面的风是反相关的,并由其引起。它们不是由河流径流引起的,与主要波罗的海流入量的一致性很小。因此,倾覆环流不能作为主要波罗的海流入的良好替代。全球海平面上升会加剧环流。总体而言,倾覆环流的年代际变化与平行于倾覆环流横截面的风是反相关的,并由其引起。它们不是由河流径流引起的,与主要波罗的海流入量的一致性很小。因此,倾覆环流不能作为主要波罗的海流入的良好替代。全球海平面上升将加剧环流。总体而言,倾覆环流的年代际变化与平行于倾覆环流横截面的风是反相关的,并由其引起。它们不是由河流径流引起的,与主要波罗的海流入量的一致性很小。因此,倾覆环流不能作为主要波罗的海流入的良好替代。
更新日期:2021-02-24
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