Uveal melanoma (UM), arising from melanocytes which reside in the uveal tract, is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults. Despite successful treatment of the primary lesion by proton therapy or enucleation, up to 50% of UM patients develop metastases, predominantly in the liver. At present there are no effective systemic treatments for metastatic UM, 80% of patients will die within 1 year after diagnosis of the metastases. Therefore, better understanding of the UM disease is urgently needed for successful development of effective therapies.

中文翻译：

---

ERK 信号通路在葡萄膜黑色素瘤中重新成为人们关注的焦点

葡萄膜黑色素瘤 (UM) 起源于葡萄膜中的黑色素细胞，是成人最常见的原发性眼内肿瘤。尽管通过质子治疗或去核成功治疗了原发灶，但高达 50% 的 UM 患者发生转移，主要在肝脏。目前对转移性UM尚无有效的全身治疗方法，80%的患者会在确诊转移后1年内死亡。因此，迫切需要更好地了解 UM 疾病以成功开发有效的治疗方法。