Fish is among the most important animal-sourced foods in Africa and is crucial in combatting malnutrition. Fish demand in Africa has far outpaced supply as the import share rose from 16% in 1970 to 39% by 2017. Little is known about who is consuming the imports: rural versus urban, rich versus poor. This is the first fish consumption analysis in Africa distinguishing imported and domestic fish, and within domestic fish, fresh versus traditional-processed. We analyse three rounds of nationally representative data from Nigeria, disaggregating the richer South from the poorer North, and urban and rural. Frozen (imported) fish accounted for 34% of urban fish consumption in the North (23% for rural), compared with 67% in urban areas in the South (54% for rural). The large difference in frozen fish consumption between regions is due mainly to differences in income and refrigerator ownership. For other fish forms (fresh, dried, smoked), regional differences are far less pronounced. Income and price elasticities confirm that imported fish have become deeply incorporated into fish consumption habits. From a policy perspective, this intensifies concerns about import bills as fish demand grows. However, our elasticity results show that Nigerian consumers are keen to consume fresh fish as incomes increase, and that demand for smoked and dried fish also remains strong at high levels of income. Promoting aquaculture is a promising policy path to reduce import dependence. Domestic capture fisheries remain a major source of fish, making it important to maintain productivity at sustainable levels through better management.

中文翻译：

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尼日利亚对进口鱼与国内鱼的需求

鱼类是非洲最重要的动物源性食品之一，对解决营养不良问题至关重要。非洲的鱼类需求远远超过供应，因为进口份额从 1970 年的 16% 上升到 2017 年的 39%。很少有人知道谁在消费进口产品：农村与城市、富人与穷人。这是非洲首次区分进口鱼和国产鱼的鱼类消费分析，以及在国内鱼中区分新鲜和传统加工的鱼。我们分析了来自尼日利亚的三轮全国代表性数据，将较富裕的南部与较贫穷的北部以及城市和农村分开。冷冻（进口）鱼占北方城市鱼类消费量的 34%（农村为 23%），而南方城市地区为 67%（农村为 54%）。地区之间冷冻鱼消费量的巨大差异主要是由于收入和冰箱拥有量的差异。对于其他鱼类（鲜、干、熏），区域差异远没有那么明显。收入和价格弹性证实，进口鱼类已深深融入鱼类消费习惯。从政策角度来看，随着鱼类需求的增长，这加剧了对进口费用的担忧。然而，我们的弹性结果表明，随着收入的增加，尼日利亚消费者热衷于消费鲜鱼，而且在高收入水平下，对熏鱼和干鱼的需求也依然强劲。促进水产养殖是减少进口依赖的有希望的政策途径。国内捕捞渔业仍然是鱼类的主要来源，