Raptors can be important components of urban ecosystems due to their role as apex predators, the presence of which may bring benefits to people. Urban environments may provide good quality habitats, and the raptors’ ability to utilize resources found here can contribute to their success. However, urban environments are socio-ecological systems and such mechanisms shaping habitats and ecological resources therein are less understood. This paper explores how raptors utilize urban resources, and the socio-ecological processes influencing their quality and availability. It begins with a systematic mapping of the literature to summarize the utility of urban resources by raptors with European distributions. Eighteen species were documented in the literature successfully exploiting novel hunting and/or nesting opportunities in both green and built-up locations of urban areas. We discuss how these may be consequential of human activities, some of which intentionally provided as subsidies, and how their utility by raptors create opportunities for human-raptor interactions further shaping public perception and decisions which potentially affect the raptors. Finally, we demonstrate these concepts by drawing on our experience from an urban peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) conservation site in London, UK. The paper concludes with a call for urban raptor conservation and research to consider social and ecological aspects together, appropriately reflecting urban environments as socio-ecological systems.

猛禽可能是城市生态系统的重要组成部分，因为它们是顶点掠食者，它们的存在可能给人们带来好处。城市环境可以提供优质的栖息地，而猛禽利用这里发现的资源的能力也可以为他们的成功做出贡献。但是，城市环境是一种社会生态系统，而形成栖息地和生态资源的这种机制鲜为人知。本文探讨了猛禽如何利用城市资源以及影响其质量和可利用性的社会生态过程。首先从系统地整理文献资料入手，总结具有欧洲分布的猛禽对城市资源的利用。在文献中记录了18个物种，它们成功地利用了城市地区绿色和繁华地区的新型狩猎和/或筑巢机会。我们讨论了这些活动可能是人类活动的必然结果，其中一些活动是有意提供的补贴，以及猛禽利用它们的效用如何为人类-猛禽互动创造机会，进一步塑造了可能影响猛禽的公众认知和决策。最后，我们通过借鉴城市游f猎鹰（以及猛禽利用它们的方式如何为人类与猛禽之间的互动创造机会，从而进一步塑造可能影响猛禽的公众看法和决策。最后，我们通过借鉴城市游f猎鹰（以及猛禽利用它们的方式如何为人类与猛禽之间的互动创造机会，从而进一步塑造可能影响猛禽的公众看法和决策。最后，我们通过借鉴城市游f猎鹰（Falco peregrinus）保护地点在英国伦敦。本文最后呼吁城市猛禽保护和研究应综合考虑社会和生态方面，适当地将城市环境反映为社会生态系统。