As soybean plays an indispensable role in the supply of vegetable oil and protein, balancing the relationship between seed quality and yield traits according to human demand has become an important breeding goal for soybean improvement. Here, 256 intraspecific recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from a cross between Qi Huang No.34 (QH34) and Ji Dou No.17 (JD17), were used for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping with remarkable four chemical and physical properties with a purpose for exploring the distribution of excellent alleles in germplasm resources in China. A total of 25 QTLs were detected, of which 10 QTLs inherited the alleles from the parent QH34. Pedigree research on favorable alleles on these QTLs showed the process of excellent alleles pyramided into QH34. Meta-analysis of the 25 QTLs by comparing with existed QTLs in previous study identified 17 novel QTLs. QTLs with pleiotropic effects have been detected. Furthermore, three representative elite recombinant inbred lines in different locations that have great potential in soybean breeding were selected, and finally, four seed weight-related candidate genes were identified. The discovery of these QTLs provides a new guidance for combining the diversity and rarity of germplasm resources, which can effectively increase population genetic diversity and broaden genetic basis of varieties.

由于大豆在植物油和蛋白质的供应中发挥着不可或缺的作用，根据人类需求平衡种子品质与产量性状的关系已成为大豆改良的重要育种目标。在此，我们使用来自齐黄 34 号 (QH34) 和吉豆 17 号 (JD17) 杂交的 256 个种内重组自交系 (RIL) 进行数量性状位点 (QTL) 定位，具有显着的四个化学和物理特征。旨在探索我国种质资源中优良等位基因的分布。共检测到25个QTL，其中10个QTL遗传自亲本QH34的等位基因。对这些QTL上有利等位基因的系谱研究揭示了优良等位基因金字塔化到QH34的过程。通过与前期研究中已有的QTL进行比较，对25个QTL进行Meta分析，鉴定出17个新QTL。已检测到具有多效性的QTL。进一步筛选出3个在不同地点具有代表性的、在大豆育种方面具有巨大潜力的优良重组自交系，最终鉴定出4个与种子重量相关的候选基因。这些QTL的发现为结合种质资源的多样性和稀有性提供了新的指导，可以有效增加群体遗传多样性，拓宽品种的遗传基础。