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The consequences of switching strategies in a two-player iterated survival game
Journal of Mathematical Biology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s00285-021-01569-3
Olivier Salagnac 1 , John Wakeley 2
Affiliation  

We consider two-player iterated survival games in which players are able to switch from a more cooperative behavior to a less cooperative one at some step of an n-step game. Payoffs are survival probabilities and lone individuals have to finish the game on their own. We explore the potential of these games to support cooperation, focusing on the case in which each single step is a Prisoner’s Dilemma. We find that incentives for or against cooperation depend on the number of defections at the end of the game, as opposed to the number of steps in the game. Broadly, cooperation is supported when the survival prospects of lone individuals are relatively bleak. Specifically, we find three critical values or cutoffs for the loner survival probability which, in concert with other survival parameters, determine the incentives for or against cooperation. One cutoff determines the existence of an optimal number of defections against a fully cooperative partner, one determines whether additional defections eventually become disfavored as the number of defections by the partner increases, and one determines whether additional cooperations eventually become favored as the number of defections by the partner increases. We obtain expressions for these switch-points and for optimal numbers of defections against partners with various strategies. These typically involve small numbers of defections even in very long games. We show that potentially long stretches of equilibria may exist, in which there is no incentive to defect more or cooperate more. We describe how individuals find equilibria in best-response walks among n-step strategies.



中文翻译:

两人迭代生存游戏中切换策略的后果

我们考虑两人迭代生存游戏,其中玩家能够在n-步游戏。回报是生存概率,孤独的人必须自己完成游戏。我们探索这些博弈支持合作的潜力,重点关注每一步都是囚徒困境的情况。我们发现,支持或反对合作的动机取决于游戏结束时的背叛数量,而不是游戏中的步骤数。从广义上讲,当孤独个体的生存前景相对黯淡时,支持合作。具体来说,我们找到了孤独者生存概率的三个临界值或临界值,它们与其他生存参数共同决定了合作或反对合作的动机。一个临界值决定了对完全合作伙伴的最佳背叛数量的存在,一个确定是否随着合作伙伴的背叛数量增加而最终不喜欢额外的背叛,并且确定随着合作伙伴背叛的数量增加最终是否有利于额外的合作。我们获得了这些转换点的表达式,以及针对不同策略的合作伙伴的最佳背叛数量。即使在很长的比赛中,这些通常也涉及少量的叛逃。我们表明可能存在潜在的长期均衡,在这种情况下,没有动机更多地背叛或更多地合作。我们描述了个体如何在最佳响应游走中找到平衡 并且确定是否随着合作伙伴背叛的数量增加,最终是否有利于额外的合作。我们获得了这些转换点的表达式,以及针对不同策略的合作伙伴的最佳背叛数量。即使在很长的比赛中,这些通常也涉及少量的叛逃。我们表明可能存在潜在的长期均衡,在这种情况下,没有动机更多地背叛或更多地合作。我们描述了个体如何在最佳反应游走中找到平衡 并且确定是否随着合作伙伴背叛的数量增加,最终是否有利于额外的合作。我们获得了这些转换点的表达式,以及针对不同策略的合作伙伴的最佳背叛数量。即使在很长的比赛中,这些通常也涉及少量的叛逃。我们表明可能存在潜在的长期均衡,在这种情况下,没有动机更多地背叛或更多地合作。我们描述了个体如何在最佳响应游走中找到平衡 没有动机去更多地背叛或更多地合作。我们描述了个体如何在最佳响应游走中找到平衡 没有动机去更多地背叛或更多地合作。我们描述了个体如何在最佳响应游走中找到平衡n步策略。

更新日期:2021-02-07
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